英語連系動(dòng)詞用法要覽

一、連系動(dòng)詞基本用法

連系動(dòng)詞是表示不完全謂語關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞，它與其后的表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常見的連系動(dòng)詞有be(是)，become(成為)，get(變成)，remain(還是)，seem(似乎是)，look(看上去)，feel(感覺)等。連系動(dòng)詞后的表語通常是名詞和形容詞，有時(shí)也可以是代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等：

His English is excellent. 他的英語很棒。(跟形容詞)

He is a famous poet. 他是著名詩人。(跟名詞)

Money isn’t everything．金錢不是一切。(跟代詞)

She was the first to arrive．她是第一個(gè)到達(dá)的人。(跟數(shù)詞)

Who is upstairs? 誰在樓上？(跟副詞)

He is with his friends. 他和朋友在一起。(跟介詞短語)

He seems to be ill. 他似乎病了。(跟不定式)

Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。(跟動(dòng)名詞)

This is what you need. 這就是你需要的。(跟從句)

二、學(xué)習(xí)連系動(dòng)詞應(yīng)注意的兩點(diǎn)

1. 關(guān)于連系動(dòng)詞后接副詞作表語

連系動(dòng)詞后通常可接形容詞作表語，一般不接副詞：

誤：His English is very well. 他的英語很好。(應(yīng)將well改為good)

誤：Be carefully. 小心點(diǎn)。(應(yīng)將carefully改為careful)

誤：The soup tastes nicely. 這湯味道不錯(cuò)。(應(yīng)將nicely改為nice)

但是，有時(shí)連系動(dòng)詞后也可接副詞作表語，不過這主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside 等少數(shù)副詞小品詞以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs等少數(shù)表示地點(diǎn)或方位的副詞：

Mother wasn’t in last night. 母親昨晚不在家。

The meeting was over at five. 會(huì)議五點(diǎn)結(jié)束。

Come along. The taxi is outside. 來吧，出租車在外面。

Mother is downstairs waiting for you. 母親在樓下等你。

2. 關(guān)于連系動(dòng)詞后接不定式

(1) 連系動(dòng)詞be后根據(jù)情況可自由地接不定式作表語：

My dream is to be a scientist. 我的夢(mèng)想是當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家。

All I could do was to wait. 我只能等。

My plan was to go from London to Paris. 我計(jì)劃從倫敦去巴黎。

I was to have seen Mr Kay. 我本要去見凱先生的。

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