看清詞序，辨清意義

作者：米仙珠（湖南）

來源：《第二課堂（高中版）》，2005年第09期（pp26-29)

英語中有的短語，正說也行，倒過來說也行，但它們的意思是不一樣的。中學(xué)英語中這類短語常見的有：

1. as much同樣地 / much as很像；雖然，盡管。如：

He said as much. 他就是這樣說的。

He was dressed much as a policeman. 他打扮得很像個(gè)警察。

Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home. 我倒是很愿意呆在這兒，可確實(shí)得回家了。

2. above all首先，最重要的是 / all above以上所有的都。如：

Above all, he was not honest. 最重要的是他不誠(chéng)實(shí)。

But above all tell me quickly what I have to do now. 但現(xiàn)在首先要告訴我要去做什么。

The answers all above are correct. 以上所有答案都是對(duì)的。

3. before long 不久以后 / long before 老早，早就；在……前很久。如：

I hope to write to you before long. 我希望不久就能給你寫信。

That had happened long before. 那事老早就發(fā)生了。

She had left long before his return [he returned]. 在他回來的很久以前她就走了。

4. for good永遠(yuǎn)地，一勞永逸地 / good for適于，對(duì)……有益。如：

It isn’t as if you were going away for good. 又不是你離開不回來了。

Too much rich food is not good for you. 吃太多油膩的食物對(duì)你的身體不好。

This beach is good for swimming but bad for surfing. 這片海灘宜于游泳而不適合作沖浪運(yùn)動(dòng)。

5. for fear由于害怕，以免 / fear for為……擔(dān)心。如：

We spoke in whispers for fear of waking the baby / for fear (that) we might wake the baby. 我們輕聲談話, 以免吵醒嬰兒。

They feared for the lost child. 他們?yōu)閬G失的孩子擔(dān)心。

He feared for his son’s safety. 他為他兒子的安全擔(dān)心。

6. for long長(zhǎng)久地，很久地 / long for渴望。如：

We cannot survive for long without food and drink. 我們沒有食物和飲料就活不了多久。

People all over the world long for peace. 全世界的人民都渴望和平。

7. in all 總共，總之 / all in筋疲力盡的；一切包括在內(nèi)。如：

    There are 100 people in all. 一共有100人。

    In all, the book is worth reading. 總之，這本書值得一讀。

I am all in at the end of the day. 一天下來我筋疲力盡。

I reckon it costs me two hundred pounds a year to run my car, all in. 我估計(jì)，包括一切費(fèi)用在內(nèi)，使用我的車一年得花200磅。

8. in advance預(yù)先，事先 / advance in在……有進(jìn)步(提高，發(fā)展)。如：

The heavy luggage was sent in advance. 笨重的行李已事先送去。

    Everything has been fixed in advance. 一切都已預(yù)先安排好了。

He advanced in his career. 他在事業(yè)上有進(jìn)步。

This tribe advanced in civilization. 這個(gè)部落逐漸文明起來。

9. in hand 手頭有，掌握住，在進(jìn)行 / hand in交上來，交來。如：

I still have some money in hand. 我手頭還有些錢。

The work is in hand and will soon be completed. 工作正在進(jìn)行中，不久就可完成。

Give them a call and let them know we have the matter in hand. 給他們打個(gè)電話，告訴他們我們已控制了局勢(shì)。

Hand in your examination papers now, please. 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)把考卷交上來。

Someone handed this parcel in this morning. 今天早上一個(gè)人把這個(gè)包交了上來。

10. on hand 在手邊(隨時(shí)可用) / hand on 傳遞給另一個(gè)人。如：

She always has her dictionary on hand when she studies. 她學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)總是把詞典放在手邊。

Please read this notice and hand it on. 本通知看后請(qǐng)傳閱。

Please hand on the magazine to your friends. 請(qǐng)把這本雜志傳給你的朋友看。

11. in turn依次，輪流 / turn in 上交，就寢。如：

They answered the teacher’s questions in turn. 他們依次回答老師的問題。

Turn in your homework, please. 請(qǐng)把家庭作業(yè)交上來。

We turn in at nine and get up at six. 我們9點(diǎn)鐘上床睡覺，6點(diǎn)鐘起床。

12. on call 隨時(shí)可用，隨叫隨到 / call on拜訪，號(hào)召，要求。如：

We should thank the doctor on call at any hour. 我們應(yīng)感謝那位日夜候診的醫(yī)生。

    I had meant to call on you, but I was so busy. 我本想來看你的，但是我太忙了。

    Then the teacher called on me to answer the question. 這時(shí)老師叫我回答問題。

The Party called on us to study hard for the people. 黨號(hào)召我們要為人民努力學(xué)習(xí)。