確定關(guān)系代詞前所用介詞要“七看”

摘自《第二課堂》雜志

■一看動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配

1. The ladder on which I was standing began to slip. 我腳下的梯子開(kāi)始向下滑動(dòng)。

相關(guān)搭配：stand on 站在……上；stand on the ladder 站在梯子上。

2. He was respected by the people with whom he worked. 他受到與他一起工作的人的尊重。

相關(guān)搭配：work with 與……一起工作；work with the people 與這些人一起工作。

3. The person from whom the message came did not say his name. 送信的人沒(méi)有道其姓名。

相關(guān)搭配：come from 來(lái)自……；come from the person 來(lái)自這個(gè)人。

4. He’s married to a singer of whom you may have heard. 他與一位歌唱家結(jié)了婚，你可能聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這個(gè)人。

相關(guān)搭配：hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)；hear of the singer 聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這位歌唱家。

■二看形容詞與介詞的搭配

1. He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied. 他帶來(lái)了結(jié)果，老板非常滿(mǎn)意。

相關(guān)搭配：be satisfied with 對(duì)……滿(mǎn)意；be satisfied with the result 對(duì)結(jié)果滿(mǎn)意。

2. You find yourself married to someone with whom you’re not compatible. 你突然意識(shí)到自己和一個(gè)合不來(lái)的人結(jié)了婚。

相關(guān)搭配：be compatible with 與……能共處；be compatible with sb 與某人能共處。

【注】要特別注意in which case, at which point, at which time, by which time, during which time等這類(lèi)常用表達(dá)。如：

The postman comes at 6.30 in the morning, at which time I am usually fast asleep. 郵遞員早晨6點(diǎn)30分來(lái)，這個(gè)時(shí)候我通常還睡著大覺(jué)呢。

The speaker paused to examine his notes, at which point a loud crash was heard. 講演者停下來(lái)查閱筆記，就在這時(shí)，聽(tīng)到了砰的一聲巨響。

He may be busy, in which case I’ll call later. 他可能忙，如若如此，我以后再來(lái)拜訪(fǎng)。

We arrived at noon, by which time the demonstration was over. 我們是中午到的，這時(shí)游行業(yè)已結(jié)束。

Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French. 湯姆上了四年大學(xué)，在此期間他學(xué)了法語(yǔ)。

■三看從句中的習(xí)慣表達(dá)

1. She was the only woman with whom he had ever been in love. 他愛(ài)過(guò)的只有這個(gè)女人。

相關(guān)搭配：be in love with 愛(ài)上；be in love with sb 愛(ài)上某人。

2. Her elder daughter, in whom she placed the greatest trust, failed to match her expectations. 她的長(zhǎng)女，她對(duì)之無(wú)比信任，卻辜負(fù)了她的期望。

相關(guān)搭配：place trust in 信任……；place trust in sb 信任某人。

3. This is something for which you must constantly be on the lookout. 這是你必須一直密切注意的事。

相關(guān)搭配：be on the lookout for 注意；be on the lookout for sth 注意某事。

■四看句子語(yǔ)境的需要

1. Then we arrived at a small temple, behind which was a great pool. 然后我們來(lái)到了一座小廟，其后有一個(gè)大小池。

相關(guān)搭配：behind the temple 在廟的后面。

2. Look, this is the tallest building, next to which is the new post office. 看，這是最高的建筑，它旁邊就是新建的郵局。

相關(guān)搭配：next to the tallest building 在最高的建筑物旁邊。

■五看相關(guān)的所屬關(guān)系

1. He’s written a book the name of which I’ve forgotten. 他寫(xiě)了一本書(shū)，書(shū)名我忘了。

相關(guān)搭配：the name of ……的名字；the name of a book 一本書(shū)的書(shū)名。

2. It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 這是一項(xiàng)其細(xì)節(jié)不可更改的協(xié)定。

相關(guān)搭配：the details of ……的細(xì)節(jié)；the details of an agreement 某份協(xié)議的細(xì)節(jié)

■六看整體與部分的關(guān)系

1. The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽車(chē)大多數(shù)都已經(jīng)擠滿(mǎn)了人，它們被憤怒的人群包圍著。

相關(guān)搭配：most of ……中的大多數(shù)，大多數(shù)的……；most of the buses 大多數(shù)的汽車(chē)。

2. He went with a group of people, few of whom were correctly equipped for such a climb.  他和一隊(duì)人一起去了，其中沒(méi)有幾個(gè)人配有進(jìn)行這樣一次登山的適當(dāng)裝備。

相關(guān)搭配：few of ……當(dāng)中的很少數(shù)，少數(shù)的……；few of the people 少數(shù)人。

3. The lorry crashed into a queue of people, several of whom had to have hospital treatment.  卡車(chē)沖進(jìn)了一隊(duì)人之中，其中有幾個(gè)不得不住院治療。

相關(guān)搭配：several of ……當(dāng)中的幾個(gè)，幾個(gè)……；few of the people 幾個(gè)人。

■七看同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系

1. Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week.  她的兩個(gè)兒子，都在國(guó)外工作，他們每周都給她打電話(huà)來(lái)。

用法說(shuō)明：both of whom為her sons的同位語(yǔ)。

2. Both players, neither of whom reached the final, played well. 兩名運(yùn)動(dòng)員都未進(jìn)入決賽，但都表現(xiàn)得很好。

用法說(shuō)明：neither of whom為both players的同位語(yǔ)。

【一點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充】

介詞后接的關(guān)系代詞通常為which和whom，但有時(shí)也可能是其他關(guān)系代詞（如whose）。如：

He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen. 他就是那個(gè)家里藏畫(huà)被盜的人。

相關(guān)搭配：from the man’s house 從這個(gè)人的家里。

In 1980 he caught a serious illness from whose effects he still suffers. 1980年他患了到現(xiàn)在對(duì)他仍有影響的重病。

相關(guān)搭配：from the efforts of the illness 從這種病的影響中。