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誤用介詞的三種情形 | |||
作者:陳穆嘉 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù): 更新時(shí)間:2010/2/28 |
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三、張冠李戴型——錯(cuò)用介詞 錯(cuò)用介詞的情況比較復(fù)雜,可能是受漢語意思的影響而錯(cuò),也可能是因弄不清搭配關(guān)系而錯(cuò),可能是混淆用法而錯(cuò),也可能是受相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響而錯(cuò),可能是忽略語境而錯(cuò),也可能是想當(dāng)然地用錯(cuò)。如: 1. 她昨天去了他的辦公室拜訪。 誤:She called on his office yesterday. 正:She called at his office yesterday. 析:call 表示“拜訪”時(shí),要注意分清兩種清況。一般說來,表示拜訪某人,通常用call on sb,若表示去某地拜訪,則通常用 call at a place。順便說一句,有時(shí)可在 call 后加副詞 in (即說成 call in on sb 或 call in at a place)。 2. 他與一位護(hù)士訂了婚。 誤:He is engaged with a nurse. 正:He is engaged to a nurse. 析:be engaged to sb意為“與某人訂婚”,注意不要按漢語習(xí)慣用介詞 with。注:有時(shí)也可用 be engaged to do sth,如上面一句也可說成:He is engaged to marry a nurse. / He is engaged to be married to a nurse. 3. 太陽從東方升起,從西方落下。 誤:The sun rises from in the east and sets from the west. 正:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 析:漢語說太陽“從”東方升起,實(shí)際上是太陽升起“在”東方,故用介詞 in。 4. 在警察的幫助下,我找回了我失去的東西。 誤:Under help of the police, I got back what I had lost. 正:Under help of the police, I got back what I had lost. 析:表示“在某人的幫助下”,英語用 with the help of sb,不要按漢語習(xí)慣用介詞 under。 5. 他在日本期間,參觀過許多地方。 誤:During he was in Japan, he visited many places. 正:During his stay in Japan, he visited many places. 正:While he was in Japan, he visited many places. 析:during是介詞,不是連詞,所以不用來引導(dǎo)句子。 6. 吃點(diǎn)水果吧。 誤:Help yourself with the fruit. 正:Help yourself to the fruit. 析:help oneself to sth 是口語中常用表達(dá),意為“自行取用”或“隨意使用”,注意其中用介詞 to,不能用 with。 7. 我們了解他的性格。 誤:We are familiar to his character. 正:We are familiar with his character. 析:familiar(熟悉的)有以下兩類用法須注意:一是表示某人熟悉某事物,此時(shí)通常只用作表語,且在其后連用介詞 with; 二是表示某事物為某人所熟悉,此時(shí)可用作表語或定語,其后通常連用介詞 to。比較:We are familiar with the saying. 我們熟悉這條格言。The saying is familiar to us. 這條格言我們熟悉。 (編輯 陳根花) 引用地址: |
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