英語(yǔ)修飾格學(xué)習(xí)資料——Simile

■本站特約作者  陳根花

一、基本概念

Simile（明喻）是一種最簡(jiǎn)單、最常見(jiàn)的修辭方法，與漢語(yǔ)的明喻相似，它指的是將具有共性的不同事物或現(xiàn)象作對(duì)比，表明本體和喻體的關(guān)系。在明喻中，本體和喻體均同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句中，在形式上是相對(duì)應(yīng)的。注意，用于對(duì)比的事物或現(xiàn)象之間的共性存在于人們的心里，而不是事物的自然屬性。

二、基本格式

基本格式：本體 + 顯著比喻詞 + 喻體

三、常見(jiàn)標(biāo)志詞

Simile的常用標(biāo)志詞有 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。

1. 介詞：like 等；

2. 連詞：as, as if, as though, as...so, what等；

3. 動(dòng)詞：seem, compare...to, liken...to, bear a resemblance to 等；

4. 名詞：comparison, resemblance 等；

5. 形容詞：akin to, similar to, be analogous to 等；

6. 短語(yǔ)： as it were, no more...than, be something of, be something like等；

7. 句式：As…, so…; As A is to B, so C is to D; A is to B as [what] C is to D等。

四、典型實(shí)例

■akin to 與……相似（相同）

Plagiarism is akin to theft. 剽竊與偷竊性質(zhì)相同。

They speak a language akin to French. 他們說(shuō)一種類(lèi)似法語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言。

■analogous to [with] 與……相似

This proposal was analogous to/with the one we discussed at the last meeting. 這項(xiàng)提案與上次會(huì)議上我們討論過(guò)的那份提案相似。

The present crisis is analogous with the situation immediately before the war. 目前的危機(jī)與大戰(zhàn)前夕的形勢(shì)類(lèi)似。

■as 像……一樣

He’s not as honest a man as I thought. 他不像我想象的那樣誠(chéng)實(shí)。

The work is not so easy as you imagine. 這工作不像你想象的那么容易。

He did not need to keep moving house, as his father had. 他沒(méi)有像他爸爸那樣不停地搬家。

■as...as 像……一樣

He was as cold to her as formerly. 他對(duì)她還是像過(guò)去那樣冷淡。

His eyes aren't quite as blue as they look in the film. 他的眼睛不像在電影里見(jiàn)到的那么藍(lán)。

The ground is as hard as stone after the drought. 長(zhǎng)期干旱之后土地硬得就像石頭一樣。

■as if 好像，像……似的

He looked as if he had seen a ghost. 他那副驚駭?shù)臉幼泳拖褚?jiàn)到了鬼似的。

I couldn’t move my legs. It was as if they were stuck to the floor. 我的腿動(dòng)不了，就好像給固定在地板上似的。

I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. 整個(gè)這件事我記得很清楚，就仿佛是昨天發(fā)生似的。

He wandered in to see me as if he had nothing else to do. 他遛遛達(dá)達(dá)進(jìn)來(lái)看我，好像無(wú)事可做的樣子。

■as though 好像，像……似的

It looks as though you've blown a fuse. 看樣子你把保險(xiǎn)絲燒斷了。

The bedclothes were tumbled (about) as though the bed had been slept in. 床上的被褥都弄亂了，好像有人睡過(guò)覺(jué)。

He looks as though he hasn’t had a square meal for months. 瞧他那樣子 好像幾個(gè)月沒(méi)好好吃過(guò)一頓飯似的。

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