九、助詞遺漏型

有的同學(xué)對于某些句子結(jié)構(gòu)不明了，寫出來的句子會(huì)不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)或語法邏輯。

1.    他們渴望知道中國的所有事情，并問了我很多問題。

誤：They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.

正：They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.  

析：eager是形容詞。形容詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，應(yīng)該與連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成“系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)。

2. 別讓小孩干重活。

誤：Not set the boy to do heavy work.

正：Don’t set the boy to do heavy work.

析：肯定祈使句用動(dòng)詞原形開頭，而否定祈使句則用Don’t + 動(dòng)詞原形。

3.    不經(jīng)允許任何人不能進(jìn)來。

誤：No one can come in without permitted.

正：No one can come in without being permitted.

析：介詞without后應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，根據(jù)句義應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，即being+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。

4.    如果明天下雨的話，我們就不去散步了。

誤：If it rain tomorrow, we would not go out for a walk.

正：If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, we would not go out for a walk.

析：與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，if條件句用動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原形或were to + 動(dòng)詞原形。Should 不能省略。

5. 正在建的大樓是餐廳。

誤：The building which being built is a dinning-room.

正：The building which is being built is a dinning-room.

正：The building being built is a dinning-room.

析：誤句中的定語從句中缺少助動(dòng)詞。進(jìn)行式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由be的一定形式+ being+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成，或用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作定語。

6.    明年這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們就能完成任務(wù)了。

誤：This time next year, we will able to finish the task.

正：This time next year, we will be able to finish the task.

析：be able to“能、能夠”，將來時(shí)為will / shall+ be able to, 其中的be很容易漏掉。

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