英語被動語態主要知識歸納

1. 被動語態的構成與用法

英語的語態有主動語態和被動語態兩種。決定動詞用主動語態還是被動語態主要看動詞和主語的關系。如果主語是動作的執行者，也就是說它們是主動關系，此時動詞用主動語態；如果主語是動作的承受者，也就是說它們是被動關系，此時動詞則用被動語態。英語的被動語態由“助動詞be＋過去分詞”構成，其中be有時態、人稱和數的變化。如：

English is taught in most schools. 大多數學校都教英語。

The children are not allowed (permitted) to play on the grass. 孩子們不允許在草地上玩耍。

After the accident, the injured were taken to hospital. 事故發生之后受傷的人被送往醫院急救。

2. 九種時態的被動語態

請看以下用例：

We are given a lot of homework to do. 我們有很多作業要做。

They were given a warm send-off. 他們受到熱烈的歡送。

I think we are being followed. 我想有人在跟蹤我們。

They told me that the case was being investigated. 他們告訴我案子正在調查。

The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他們找尋的文件已找到了。

He asked if Mary had been sent to hospital. 他問瑪麗是否已被送進醫院。

Check carefully, so any mistakes will be caught. 仔細檢查一遍，把所有錯誤都找出來。

He knew he would be punished for it. 他知道他會為此受到懲罰。

3. 含有情態動詞的被動語態

含有情態動詞的被動語態由“情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞”構成。如：

You might be asked to speak at the meeting. 可能請你在會上發言。

Whenever (they are) known, such facts should be reported. 這類情況一旦發現就要報告。

All the above items can be obtained from our office. 所有上述資料可向我們辦公室索取。

Something must be done to stop these accidents. 必須采取某種措施以防止這些事故。

These books may be appreciated better by older children. 年齡稍大的孩子可能更會欣賞這些書。

4. 短語動詞的被動語態

“動詞＋介詞或副詞”構成的短語動詞，以及“動詞＋名詞＋介詞”構成的短語動詞，在被動語態中不要漏掉后面的介詞或副詞。如：

Good use is made of the library. 這圖書館的利用率很高。

A man who is much talked about is always very attractive. 被人談論多的人經常是很有吸引力的人。

Many interesting experiments are carried out in our laboratory. 我們實驗室做了許多有趣的實驗。

5. 關于“get+過去分詞”

在英語口語中，有時可用“get+過去分詞”構成被動語態。如：

I got dressed as quickly as l could. 我盡快穿上衣服。

I wasn’t surprised she get elected after all the efforts she made. 她盡了一切力量之后，當選了，這不使我感到奇怪。

We got delayed because of the holiday traffic. 因為節日交通阻塞，所以我們被耽誤了。

I tried to find my way round London without a map and got lost. 我試圖不帶地圖在倫敦尋路，結果迷路了。

注：這樣結構比較常見的搭配有get arrested, get caught, get confused, get delayed, get divorced, get dressed, get drowned, get drunk, get elected, get engaged, get hit, get killed, get lost, get married, get stuck等。