英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)(02)

不定代詞類

1. 選這個(gè)不定代詞全靠語(yǔ)境

A：Is ____ here?

B：No, Bob and Jim have asked for leave.

A. anybody               B. everybody            C. somebody            D. nobody

此題應(yīng)選B。容易誤選A, 認(rèn)為這是疑問句, 所以要選 A。還有的考生可能會(huì)認(rèn)為選C, 因?yàn)槟承┨厥馇闆r下(比如表示邀請(qǐng)或請(qǐng)求等), some(thing)也可用于疑問句中。 此題的正確答案是B, 此題主要考察的不是不定代詞的句型用法, 而是考察在一定的上下文(語(yǔ)境)如何選用適當(dāng)?shù)牟欢ù�詞。

該題若不看下句, 選A / C也是可能的, 比如一個(gè)人晚上走進(jìn)一個(gè)空房子, 就可能這樣問, 其意大致為：這里有人嗎?(用somebody比anybody肯定意味更強(qiáng)), 然而聯(lián)系下句就很錯(cuò)了：首先, No用得很荒唐(既然回答No, 說明這里沒有人, 那么答話的人又是什么呢?), 其次從后面的 Bob and Jim have asked for leave(鮑勃和吉姆請(qǐng)假了)來看, 這是顯然是一個(gè)“查問人數(shù)”的情景。這樣, 再回頭來看看選項(xiàng)B就順理成章了(Iseverybody here? ＝大家到齊了嗎?)

以下兩題都是測(cè)試不定代詞在一定上下文的運(yùn)用, 請(qǐng)你試著選一選(注意語(yǔ)境!)：

(1) I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____.

A. everything             B. anything                C. something             D. nothing

(2) The office is empty because ____ has gone home.

A. everyone               B. someone               C. no one                  D. all

答案：1. A 2. A

2. (a) little / (a) few用法要點(diǎn)

If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ____ money and ____ people.

A. less, less              B. fewer, fewer        C. less, fewer           D. fewer, less

此題的正確答案是C。此題主要考察不定代詞 little和few 的比較等級(jí)及有關(guān)用法：little--less--least(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)；few-- fewer--fewest(修飾可數(shù)名詞)。

下面小結(jié) (a) few 與 (a) little 的用法及區(qū)別：

(1) (a) few之后必須接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。few 表示數(shù)量很少或幾乎沒有, 強(qiáng)調(diào)“少”, 含有否定意義；a few 表示數(shù)量雖然少, 但有幾個(gè), 強(qiáng)調(diào)“有”, 含有肯定意義。試體會(huì)：

His theory is very difficult, and few peopleunderstand it. 他的理論很深?yuàn)W, 沒有幾個(gè)人能懂。

His theory is very difficult, but a few peopleunderstand it. 他的理論很深?yuàn)W, 但是有些人懂。

(2) (a) little之后接不可數(shù)名詞, little 與 a little其區(qū)別跟 few 和a few 之間的區(qū)別相同。如：

Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸而我身上帶著一點(diǎn)錢。

Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧, 我身上沒帶什么錢

(3) 一般說來, 在 only, still, quite, not等詞之后通常用a few 或 a little, 而在 very, some, the, no, so 等詞之后通常用 few 或 little：

I have only a little money. 我只有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)錢。

Very few people like him. 喜歡他的人很少。

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