語法陷阱題800例—非謂語動詞

◆典型陷阱題分析◆

1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.

A. enter                                                    B. to enter

C. entering                                               D. entered

【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動詞 could 就斷定此處應(yīng)填動詞原形 enter。

【分析】其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是B。此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動詞 do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語的，而不是與情態(tài)動詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語。請再看類似例句：

(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他們盡量安慰她。

(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。

(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命學(xué)習(xí)以便趕上他的同學(xué)。

值得指出的是，這也并不是說今后只要遇到類似結(jié)構(gòu)的題就一定選帶to不定式。請看以下試題：

(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.

A. to hope                                                B. hope

C. hoping                                                 D. hoped

此題的答案是 C不是A，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語。

(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.

A. practise                                                B. to practise

C. practising                                             D. practised

此題答案選 C，這與前面動詞 spent 的搭配有關(guān)，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若將此句補(bǔ)充完整，即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.

(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.

A. improve                                               B. to improve

C. improving                                            D. to improving

此題答案選D，注意兩點(diǎn)：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意為“把……貢獻(xiàn)給……”；二是其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，后接動詞時要用動名詞。

2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.

A. doing                                                   B. to do

C. being doing                                          D. to be done

【陷阱】容易誤選B，根據(jù) can’t help doing sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)推出。

【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選A。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu)：

can’t help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事

can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事

又如下面一題，答案也是 B：

She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.

A cleaning                                                B. to clean

C. cleaned                                                D. being cleaned

再請看以下試題：

While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.

A. to persuade                                           B. persuading

C. being persuaded                                    D. be persuaded

此題應(yīng)選C，句中的 can’t help 意為“禁不住”（注意根據(jù)句意用被動形式）。

3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.

A. devoted to do                                       B. devoted to doing

C. devoting to doing                                  D. is devoted to doing

【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。

【分析】此題最佳答案為B。現(xiàn)分析如下：

(1) devote 意為“致力于，獻(xiàn)身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，故后接動詞時要用動名詞，不用不定式。

(2) 選A錯誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。

(3) 選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語。

(4) 選C錯誤：因為all her time 與 devote 為被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。

(5) 選D錯誤：若單獨(dú)看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒有錯，但問題是逗號前后兩個簡單句沒有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或?qū)?/FONT>D將中的is 改為 being也可選它。