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不是連詞的“連詞” | |||
作者:劉永科 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數: 更新時間:2013/5/24 |
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不是連詞的“連詞” ■山東 劉永科
記得在人教版新課標英語課本上,有這樣一個句子: So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 在這個句子中every time做什么成分,起什么作用呢? 這是一個很有意思的問題。看到這個句子,讓我們想起了學過的一篇課文,題目叫做The band that wasn’t (a band)(不是樂隊的樂隊)。 那么,“Every time” is a conjunction that isn’t (a conjunction)(不是連詞的連詞),之所以這么說,是因為every time不是真正的連詞,而是一個名詞(詞組),但是它在句中確實起到了連詞的作用。要想知道every time的作用,首先要搞清楚So many thousands of terrified people died和there was an outbreak之間是什么關系:So many thousands of terrified people died意為“成千上萬的驚恐不已的人們相繼死去”,there was an outbreak意為“有霍亂爆發”,every time意為“每次,每當”,從這三者之間的關系來看,every time就是一個引導時間狀語的從屬連詞。整個句子的意思是:每當霍亂爆發時,成千上萬的驚恐不已的人們相繼死去。every time跟whenever所起的作用無異。 在現代英語中,像every time用作連詞的情況,可以說俯拾皆是。又如:Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back. 我每次感冒背就痛。 除了every time外,以下名詞性詞組如the minute, the moment, the instant, the time, the day, the week, the year, the first time, next time, any time, each time, the last time, from the time, by the time等,都可以作連詞用,引導時間狀語從句。例如: I recognized you the minute I saw you. 我一見你就認出了你。 The machine starts the moment the button is pressed. 按鈕一按,機器便開始作。 He called on me the day he arrived. 他來的那一天就訪問了我。 We were there the week it snowed so heavily. 雪下得很大的那一周我們在那里。 The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervous.我第一次爬到墻上去時,感到膽怯。 Next time you come, you will see the scientist. 你下次來時就會見到那位科學家。 You may come back any time you want to. 你想回來隨時可回來。 Each time the tourist traveled by boat he got seasick. 這位旅客每次坐船行時都暈船。 The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed. 她最后一次看詹姆斯時,他躺在床上。 The truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things packed up. 到你把一切東西都捆好時,卡車也就來了。 甚至有些副詞如 immediately, directly, instantly 都可以用作連詞引導狀語從句,相當于as soon as,意為“一……就……”。例如: You must show the gentleman in immediately he comes. 這位先生一來,你立即引他進來。 There was a dead silence directly he appeared. 他一出現,便鴉雀無聲。 It began to rain instantly we arrived home. 我們一到家,天就開始下起雨來。 上述情況多為名詞(個別副詞)變為“時間連詞”。英語在朝著表達簡潔的方向發展,只要不產生歧義,能省略的盡量省略。還有 the way 的用法更是如此,例如: Please do it the way I’ve told you. 請按照我告訴你的那樣做。 I'm talking to you just the way I'd talk to a boy of my own. 我和你說話就像和自己孩子說話一樣。 (以上兩句中,the way 相當于 as 的意思,如果誰再說…in the way in which…,就是英語的倒退。)
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