as與which引導定語從句時到底有哪些區別

■山東  劉永科

有網友在“答疑中心”問：關系代詞as與which引導定語從句時有哪些區別（問題見:www.hz123456.com/GuestBook/Guest_Reply.asp?TopicID=1503）

現特約請本站顧問及特約撰稿專家劉永科老師解答如下：

關系代詞as與which引導的非限制性定語從句，其先行詞都可以是整個主句，指代主句的整個意思。但as和which具有不同的詞義、句法和用法。

1. as引導的從句表示說話人的看法、態度、解釋或評論

引導定語從句時，as仍具有“正如，像，由……可知”等意思，翻譯時有時可不必譯出。as定語從句常含有這些動詞：see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等，這類動詞與as連用幾乎成了一種固定搭配。as引導的此類從句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。如：

The famous magician Liu Qian, as we all know, is from Taiwan. 眾所周知，著名魔術師劉謙是臺灣人。

There is a net bar around here, as I remember. 我記得這兒附近有一家網吧。

As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜歡玩具而男孩子喜歡槍，這是常見的情況。

2. which引導的從句對主句所敘述的事情進行補充說明，表明事物的狀態或結果

which此時指前面主句所提到的這件事，常譯為“這一點，這件事”等。這時它所引導的從句與主句之間常含有并列、因果關系。注意，它引導的從句不像as那樣位置靈活，它只能位于主句的后面。如：

He changed his mind again, which made us all angry. 他又改變了主意，這使我們大家都生氣了。

She tore up my photos, which (=and that) upset me.她撕碎了我的照片，這使我很不安。

3. 在從句中作定語或介詞的賓語時，要用which，不用as

Jenny might come, in which case I'll ask her. 詹妮可能會來，要是那樣的話我就去問她。

She graduated from a local middle school, after which she went to Beijing University. 她畢業于當地的一所中學，之后她去了北京大學。

4. 當從句的謂語動詞是否定形式或含著一個復合賓語時，一般用which而不用as

He pretended not to know me, which I didn't understand. 他假裝不認識我，這是我搞不明白的。

He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange. 他羨慕班里的每個學生，我認為太奇怪了。

【特別說明】

as引導非限制性定語從句的最大特點是位置靈活；其次，as有以下常見的，而which不具備的“固定表達”：

as we all know 眾所周知    

as I can remember 正如我所記得的

as often happens 正如經常發生的那樣     

as we expect 正如我們預料的那樣

as you see 這一點你明白

as was expected 正如預料的那樣

as can be seen 看得出來     

as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那樣

as has been said above 如上所述

as we all can see 正如我們都能看到的那樣

as is often the case 像常規那樣

as everybody can do 正如人人都能做到的那樣