三、以write為例的八種動詞時態

請讀者牢記這8個句子：

1. We write a composition every week.

2. I am writing a composition now.

3. Tom has written his composition and he wants to play.

4. We will write a composition next Monday.

5. Mary wrote a composition last night.

6. He was writing a composition when I got to his house.

7. I had written my composition before the bell rang.

8. She said she would write a composition next week.

【語法講解】

1. We write a composition every week.

【一般現在時】表示現在經常性或習慣性的動作以及事物現在的特征或狀態。

【構成】動詞原形。主語是第三人稱單數時，謂語動詞要加s，(be用am, is, are)。

【常用的時間短語】now, at present, nowadays, today, always, forever, usually, often, sometimes, at times, from time to time, seldom, never 等。

He writes a composition every week.

I am a student. He is very upset. It is fine today. They are on the playground now.

【注意】客觀真理：

Light travels faster than sound.

在時間或者條件從句中，用一般時，不用將來時：

I don’t know when she will come. When she comes, please tell her the good news.

2. I am writing a composition now. Don’t trouble me.

【現在進行時】表示現在此時此刻正在進行的動作。

【構成】be (am, is, are ) + 現在分詞(動詞-ing)。

【常用的時間短語】now, right now, at present, today, at the moment等。

【注意】下列兩句話不表示進行：

My friends are coming to our party tonight. （將來）

Mary is always coming late. （批評）

此外，有些動詞表示靜態意義(如“擁有，觀點”等have, belong to, like, think)，不用進行時。

I have two brothers. 我有兩個兄弟。

I’m having breakfast. 我正在吃早餐。

3. Tom has written his composition and he wants to play now.

【現在完成時】

(1) 表示動作發生在過去，但對現在有影響。

(2) 表示動作發生在過去，但一直延續到現在。

【構成】have (has) + 過去分詞(動詞-ed)。

【常用的時間短語】just, already, yet, before, for a week, for a long time, since 2008, in the past (last) three years等。

Tom has eaten something. He is not hungry now. 湯姆吃了一些東西，他現在不餓了。

His uncle has worked in this factory since he left the army. 他叔叔自從離開部隊以來一直在這家工廠上班。

We’ve known each other for about two years. 我們認識大約有兩年了。

How long have you waited here? 你在這兒等了多久？

【注意】在現代英語中，常用一般過去時代替現在完成時。

I saw the film already. (= I have seen the film already.) 我看過這部電影。