7. I had written my composition before the bell rang.

【過去完成時(shí)】表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。關(guān)于“過去完成時(shí)”，有不少同學(xué)認(rèn)為它是指“過去完成的動(dòng)作”，這是非常錯(cuò)誤的理解。通俗一點(diǎn)解釋就是：兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，較早的那個(gè)動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí)，另一個(gè)用一般過去式。它的實(shí)質(zhì)就是“過去的過去”。

【構(gòu)成】had +過去分詞(動(dòng)詞-ed)

【常用的時(shí)間短語】by the time…, by the end of等。例如：

The train had left by the time we got to the station.

He had learned 3000 English by the end of last term.

The children ran away because they had broken the window.

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

He told me that he had broken his glasses.

【注意】當(dāng)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作先后分明，誰先誰后一眼就看出來時(shí)，在先的那個(gè)動(dòng)作則不必用過去完成時(shí)，如：

He came in and sat down, and then took out his pen.

或者有after, before時(shí)，如：

After we said goodbye to them, we left the village. 我們向他們道別后，離開了村莊。

I heard a sudden cry just before I turned off the light. 就在我熄燈前，我聽到突如其來的一聲叫喊。

8. She said she would write a composition next week.

【過去將來時(shí)】表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看，將要發(fā)生的事情。

【構(gòu)成】would +原形動(dòng)詞

【常用的時(shí)間短語】the next day, the following week, in the future等。

He said that he would go to college next year.

I thought they would not come to our party if we didn’t invite them.

【注意】并非所有的would都表示過去將來時(shí)。請(qǐng)看：

Would you come and have tea with us?

I would like to watch T V now.

Whenever I caught cold, she would send for a doctor.

過去將來時(shí)的其他表示法。

(1) was (were) going to +原形動(dòng)詞：

He told us that he was going to spend his summer holidays in the countryside. 他告訴我們他打算到鄉(xiāng)下去度暑假。

(2) was (were) to +原形動(dòng)詞：

I was told that my girl friend was to see me the next day. 我得知我的女朋友第二天要來看我。

(3) was (were) about to +原形動(dòng)詞：

As the girl was about to turn to the next customer, the old lady handed her the little package. 當(dāng)姑娘就要轉(zhuǎn)向下一個(gè)顧客時(shí)，老太太把小包裹遞給了她。