Ⅲ. 詞類的確定

4 代詞、介詞、連詞及感嘆詞比其他詞類更易確定，因為每類僅幾十個詞。在多數情況下，無需看上下文即可確定he為代詞，against為介詞，because為連詞，oh為感嘆詞。確定一個詞的詞類是掌握語法的第一步。為了確定每個詞的詞類，我們必須了解一個詞在一個特定句子中的特定作用。同樣一個詞在兩個或更多的句子中，可以有兩個或更多不同的作用，因而就可屬于兩個或更多詞類，如：

You must answer me. (動詞)

Give me an answer. (名詞)

He went down. (副詞)

He went down the ladder. (介詞)

That is the right way. (形容詞)

He has guessed it right. (副詞)

He drank cold water. (形容詞)

He caught a cold. (名詞)

When did he do it? (副詞)

I was ill when he called. (連詞)

5 一個詞有時略加改變即可轉為另一詞類，如：

He is honest. (形容詞)

I doubt his honesty. (名詞)

He is a very proud businessman. (形容詞)

He spoke proudly to everyone. (副詞)

You have hurt his pride. (名詞)

He is a fool. (名詞)

You are talking with a foolish fellow. (形容詞)

He has done it foolishly. (副詞)

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