高考英語考查強調句的常見考點

■湖南  唐祁軍

一、考查強調結構的基本形式

即考查it was…that (that)…這一強調句式的用法，其考點主要涉及句首it的正確使用（通常用this, that, he, she等進行干擾），句中that的正確使用（通常用what, which, how, when, since, before, after, as等進行干擾）等。如：

(1) David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _______ he chose the course. (上海卷)

A. that                B. what                 C. why                  D. how

答案為A。考查“it be+被強調成分+that…”這一強調句式，被強調成分為介詞短語because of his strong interest in literature。

(2) I don’t mind her criticizing me, but _______ is how she does it that I object to. (江西卷)

A. it                   B. that                   C. this                   D. which

答案為A。此題考查強調結構it is...that…的用法，被強調成分為how she does it。句意為：我不介意她批評我，我反對的是她批評我的方式。

二、考查強調結構特殊疑問句形式

強調結構it is (was)…that…的特殊疑問句形式為“疑問詞+is (was) it that…”。遇到這類題時，關鍵是要能夠識別它是強調結構，同時根據句意或句子成分確定相應疑問詞的選擇。如：

(1) — _______ that he manage to get the information?

—Oh, a friend of his helped him. (山東卷)

A. Where was it     B. What was it       C. How was it       D. Why was it

答案為C。考查強調結構的特殊疑問句形式，根據答語的意思可知，問句用疑問詞how最合適。how在此表示方式。

(2) I just wonder _______ that makes him so excited. (山東卷)

A. why it does       B. what he does      C. how it is     D. what it is

答案為D。考查強調結構的特殊疑問句形式。由于其中的動詞makes缺主語，說明空格處應填一個能用用主語的疑問詞，由此可排除how，故可確定正確答案只能在B和D之間；再根據強調結構的基本句式“疑問詞+is (was) it that…”可知，答案只能是D。

三、綜合考查強調結構和not…until句式

not…until句式用于強調結構時，其基本結構為it was not until…that…格式，命題切入點主要有三個方面：一是考查it was not until的正確形式（通常用其肯定式進行干擾），二是考查其中的that的正確用法（通常用when等干擾），三是考查not until后的語序（應用正常語序，但可能用倒裝語序來干擾）。如：

(1) It was ________ he came bank from Africa that year ________ he met the girl he would like to marry. (江西卷)

A. when; then       B. not; until        C. not until; that     D. only; when

答案為C。考查not…until…的強調句形式，其基本結構是it was not until…that…，如：It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness. 直到我遇到你以后，我才真正體會到幸福。

(2) It _______ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _______ I found we had a lot in common. (浙江卷)

A. was until; when                       B. was until; that   

C. wasn’t until; when                   D. wasn’t until; that

答案為D。此題考查not…until…句式的強調形式It was not until…that…的用法。注意不要想當然地將其中的that換成when。

四、綜合考查強調結構和not…but…句式

綜合考查強調結構與not…but…句式所采用的命題形式通常為it is (was) not…but…that…形式。如：

(1) It is not who is right but what is right _______ is of importance. (重慶卷)

A. which                   B. it                     C. that                       D. this

答案為C。此題考查it is…that…這一強調句式，被強調的是not who is right but what is right，全句意為：重要的不是誰是對的，而是什么才是對的。

(2)—I’ve read another book this week.(www.hz123456.com)

—Well, maybe ________ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. (浙江卷)

A. this                       B. that                C. there                        D. it

答案為D。此題考查強調句式的用法。It is not how much you read but what you read that counts其實是一個強調句，其意為“重要的不是你讀了多少，而是你讀了些什么”。句中的count意為“重要”“有重要性”，與動詞matter意思相同。又如：You really count with me. 對我來說你確實很重要。

有時也考查not…but…的同義結構…rather than…與強調結構的綜合運用。如：

(2) It is what you do rather than what you say _______matters (天津卷)

A. that                        B. what                   C. which                 D. this

答案為A。被強調成分為what you do rather than what you say，全句意為：重要的是看你怎么做，而不是看你怎么說。