that引導原因狀語分句的四種情況

■山東  羅  芳

第一種情況

連詞that很少用來引導原因狀語從句，但在某些表示情感的不及物動詞之后，that 分句說明這種情感產生的原因，因而可以看作原因狀語分句。例如：

I rejoice that you are coming home.  你要回家我很高興。

I grieve that he has lost his dear child.  他失去了孩子我很悲傷。

第二種情況

在以表示情感狀態的形容詞為主語補語的SVC結構中，that-分句也可以看作原因狀語分句，表示這種感情所產生的原因。例如：

I am pleased that you have decided to come.

I am sorry (that) I broke your pen.

I am ashamed that you should be so cowardly.

I was surprised that he disagreed.

第三種情況

在not that… but that…結構中，that=because，從而這種that-分句也是原因狀語。

I haven’t finished writing the report yet, not that I dislike the work, but that I have not time.

He always travelled third-class, not that he was so miserly, but that he wanted to go side by side with ordinary people.(www.hz123456.com)

第四種情況

在下列結構中，that=as，它所引導的分句有時表示原因，有時表示讓步：

Coward that he was, he ran away as soon as the enemy attacked. (表原因)

Coward that he was, he ran forward at the signal to attack. （表讓步）