現(xiàn)在分詞的主要句法功能

(1) 作定語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)通常可以轉(zhuǎn)化為定語(yǔ)從句，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞有時(shí)表示進(jìn)行意義，有時(shí)不表示進(jìn)行意義，視情況而定。如：

There were lots of people standing (=who were) watching, and not one of them offered to help. 當(dāng)時(shí)有許多人站著觀看，但其中沒(méi)有一個(gè)人主動(dòng)提供幫助。

A few days after the interview, I received a letter offering (=which offered) me the job. 面談后過(guò)了幾天，我收到一封給我工作的信。

(2) 作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在分詞可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示進(jìn)行意義。如：

Don’t leave them standing on the doorstep—ask them in!  別讓他們?cè)陂T(mén)口站著——叫他們進(jìn)來(lái)。

You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to reach your host family. 你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些的士等候在車(chē)站，你可以打的去你主人家。

(3) 作原因狀語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語(yǔ)表原因，通常位于句首，但有時(shí)也位于句中或句末。如：

Knowing that he wouldn’t be able to buy food on his journey he took large supplies with him. 他知道路上買(mǎi)不到食物，就帶了很多食物。

The teacher, not having heard the chimes, kept on teaching. 老師沒(méi)聽(tīng)到下課鈴聲，仍繼續(xù)上課。

Linda broke off, realizing the importance of what she was about to say. 琳達(dá)意識(shí)到自己所說(shuō)內(nèi)容的重要性，所以不說(shuō)了。

(4) 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語(yǔ)表時(shí)間，通常位于句首，但有時(shí)也位于句中或句末。如：

Reading a book, he found a misprint. 他看書(shū)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)地方印錯(cuò)了。

Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. 他從口袋里掏出鑰匙把門(mén)打開(kāi)。

He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后將門(mén)隨手關(guān)上。

(5) 作條件狀語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語(yǔ)表?xiàng)l件，通常位于句首，但有時(shí)也位于句中或句末。如：

Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它們加起來(lái)，我們就可以得到答案。

Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet. 坐下吧，埃瑪。你老站著，只會(huì)弄得你更累。

(6) 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語(yǔ)表結(jié)果，通常位于句末。如：

The jet crashed soon after takeoff, killing all the passengers and crew. 那架?chē)姎馐斤w機(jī)起飛后不久就墜毀了，所有乘客和機(jī)組人員無(wú)一生還。

He died two and a half years later, leaving everything to his wife. 他于兩年半后去世，把所有遺產(chǎn)都留給了妻子。

(7) 作伴隨狀語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語(yǔ)表伴隨，可位于句首、句中或句末。如：

Saying excuse me, pardon me, Seaton pushed his way into the crowded living room. 西頓一邊說(shuō)對(duì)不起、借過(guò)，一邊擠過(guò)人群進(jìn)入擁擠的客廳。

She read the letter through before sending it, checking for spelling mistakes. 她寄信前把信從頭至尾看了一遍，檢查一下看沒(méi)有拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。

Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet. 坐下吧，埃瑪。你老站著，只會(huì)弄得你更累。