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There be句式的特殊用法 | |||
作者:劉永科 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù): 更新時(shí)間:2015/1/22 |
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There be句式的特殊用法
■本站特約作者 劉永科
有網(wǎng)友在《英語答疑網(wǎng)》(見:http://ask.yygrammar.com/ask/q.asp?id=3728)提出了一種比較特殊的語言現(xiàn)象:“There be+V-ing+名詞”和“There be+V-ed+名詞”,如何解釋這種表達(dá)句式?討論這個(gè)問題,我覺得比較有意義。 這個(gè)問題,我早就注意到了(確切地說,應(yīng)該在30年前吧)。在這里先聲明一下,我沒參考任何他人的觀點(diǎn),也沒讀到過這方面的文章。以下純屬個(gè)人看法,歡迎批評(píng)。 ▲ 英語中的 There,除了表示地點(diǎn)“在那里”外,還有一個(gè)非常重要的用法,就是:充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞的角色,同時(shí),引起句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的倒裝。具體表現(xiàn)在: 1. There be 存在句:——最原始最典型的倒裝 談到倒裝句,人們都不陌生,認(rèn)為它是一個(gè)很重要的句式。其實(shí),在一個(gè)人剛剛開始學(xué)英語的時(shí)候,就已經(jīng)學(xué)到了真正意義上的倒裝句:There be 句型。 There is a book on the desk. 去掉引導(dǎo)詞 There,原來的倒裝句則變成:A book is on the desk. What is there on the desk? 實(shí)際等于說:What is on the desk? There be是倒裝句,表存在,不必細(xì)說。 2. There + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + 主語:——最常見的倒裝 There lived an man in the forest long ago. 很久以前,森林中住著一位老人。 There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. 山頂上有一座廟。 There goes the bell. Let’s have our class. 鈴聲響了,我們上課吧。 最后一句 There goes the bell. There 除了引起句子結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝外,還提醒聽者注意。 3. “There + be + 過去分詞 + 主語” 和“There + be + 過去分詞 + 主語”——最特殊的倒裝 ▲“There + be + 過去分詞 + 主語”,其實(shí)是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的變式,去掉引導(dǎo)詞 There,還原本來面目。現(xiàn)在,我直接使用網(wǎng)友的句子為例: There are now published millions of books very year in China . 等于:Millions of books are now published very year in China. On the following day, there was held a splendid banquet. 等于:On the following day, a splendid banquet was held. There was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai . 等于:An electronic computer made in Shanghai was shown at the exhibition. ▲“There + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + 主語”,其實(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的變式,去掉引導(dǎo)詞There,還原本來面目。現(xiàn)在,我直接使用網(wǎng)友的句子為例: There were running in the garden a group of children aged from seven to twelve. 等于:A group of children aged from seven to twelve were running in the garden. 【我的觀點(diǎn)】任何事物的出現(xiàn)都是有原因的,語言現(xiàn)象亦然。我認(rèn)為,there 的上述用法,體現(xiàn)了語言的3個(gè)方面。概括起來,不外乎以下幾個(gè)原因: 1. 語用方面:There 置于句首,具有提示、提醒作用。如:There goes the bell. Let’s have our class. 2. 修辭方面:There 置于句首,旨在使句子勻稱。如:There was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai. 若說:An electronic computer made in Shanghai was shown at the exhibition. 會(huì)顯得頭重腳輕。 3. 語法方面:There 置于句首,改變句子的正常結(jié)構(gòu)。去掉引導(dǎo)詞 There 之后,變成正常語序,以上三種情況的例句,分別為: (1) There is a book on the desk. → A book is on the desk. (2) There lived an old man in the forest long ago. → An old man lived in the forest long ago. (3) There are now published millions of books very year in China . → Millions of books are now published very year in China. 【說明】There置于句首,如果沒有實(shí)際詞匯意義,往往引起句子結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝。如果有實(shí)際詞匯意義(“在那里”),則不然。試比較: There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. (There 沒有實(shí)際意義) There I saw my old friend Tom. (There表示“在那里”)
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