【現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)】

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明被修飾語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞是“主謂關(guān)系”。既如此，就可以擴(kuò)展為一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，該定語(yǔ)從句多為進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

a sleeping baby → a baby who is sleeping.

a barking dog→ a dog that is barking

flying birds → birds that are flying

smiling faces →faces that are smiling

a floating boat → a boat that is floating

falling leaves → leaves that are falling

boiling water → water that is boiling

the setting sun → the sun that is setting

the rising sun → the sun that is rising

the coming week → the week that will come

the following questions→ the questions that follow

running water → water that is running

a developing country→ a country that is developing

the suffering people → people who are suffering

a missing child→ a child who is missing

現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，都是置于被修飾語(yǔ)之后。單個(gè)的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)跟動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，一般都置于被修飾詞之前。正確判斷是哪種形式作定語(yǔ)，有利于我們理解詞組甚至整個(gè)句子的準(zhǔn)確含義。

但有時(shí)這種區(qū)別并不明顯，比如a sewing machine（縫紉機(jī)）可以理解為a machine for sewing，或者a machine which can sew; a hunting dog（獵狗）可以理解為a dog for hunting，或者a dog that hunts。前一種解釋是看作動(dòng)名詞，后一種解釋是看作現(xiàn)在分詞。

（二）動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)

1. Her job is looking after children.

2. Her job is boring.

句1的意思是：“她的工作是照料孩子。”這是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)looking after children作表語(yǔ)。因?yàn)?/FONT>is是系動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)是平等的并列關(guān)系，所以可以互換而意思保持不變：Looking after children is her job.