分詞的否定式

分詞的否定式總是將否定詞not置于分詞之前，遇上現在分詞的完成式、被動式以及完成被動式，否定詞應置于整個結構之前。如：

He stood helpless, not knowing what to do. 他無可奈何地站在那里，不知如何是好。

Everyone helped，John not excepted. 大家都來幫忙，約翰也不例外。

Not having received an answer, she decided to write him another letter. 由于沒得到他的回信，她決定再給他寫一封信。