現(xiàn)在分詞一般式所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系

時(shí)間關(guān)系一：與謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)

與主要?jiǎng)釉~同時(shí)發(fā)生或同時(shí)存在。如：

Be careful when crossing the road. 過(guò)馬路要當(dāng)心。

He got engaged to her when traveling in Europe. 在歐洲旅行時(shí)他和她訂了婚。

She tremble a little while doing so. 她這樣做時(shí)稍稍顫抖了一下。

While trying to open the door, I cut my hand. 在設(shè)法開(kāi)門時(shí)我把手刺破了。

Jim hurt his arm playing tennis (=while he was playing tennis). 吉姆打網(wǎng)球時(shí)把手臂扭了。

Reading my newspaper, I heard the door bell ring. 我看報(bào)時(shí)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)門鈴響。

She broke her looking glass, dressing to go out. 她在外出前穿衣時(shí)把鏡子打破了。

“What have you got here?” the policeman asked approaching him. “你這里是什么東西?”警察走近問(wèn)道。

時(shí)間關(guān)系二：在謂語(yǔ)之后

即后于主要?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生，比如當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它所表示的動(dòng)作常發(fā)生在主要?jiǎng)幼髦�后。如�?/SPAN>

He fired, wounding one of the bandits. 他開(kāi)了槍，打傷了其中一個(gè)匪徒。

I fell, striking my head against the door and cutting it. 我摔了個(gè)跟頭，頭撞在了門上，劃了個(gè)口子。

The plane lost control, clipping power cables as it fell. 飛機(jī)失去控制，落下時(shí)撞上了電線。

Bacteria sticks to food debris in the teeth, causing decay. 細(xì)菌附著在牙縫中的食物殘?jiān)�上，�?dǎo)致蛀牙。

時(shí)間關(guān)系三：在謂語(yǔ)之前

即先于主要?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生，比如當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)(尤其是當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí))，表示的動(dòng)作通常發(fā)生在主要?jiǎng)幼髦�前。如�?/SPAN>

Arriving at the station, we learned that the train had already gone. 到了車站，我們獲悉火車已開(kāi)走了。

Learning of the uprising, he returned to the country. 聽(tīng)到了起義的消息，他回到國(guó)內(nèi)。

Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view. 我們爬到塔頂后，看到了一片壯麗的景象。

若用現(xiàn)在分詞表示先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致誤解，就應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。如：

Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. 我們買好票后就走進(jìn)劇場(chǎng)。

Having read the instructions, he snatched up the fire extinguisher. 看完了說(shuō)明書(shū)之后，他迅速拿起了滅火器。