few 和 a few表肯定意義與否定意義分類理解

few 和 a few 都只用于修飾或代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，它們表肯定意義與否定意義的基本原則如下：

1. 單獨(dú)使用的 few，它在形式上是肯定的，但在意義上卻是否定的，其意為“很少”“幾乎沒(méi)有”

He has few friends besides us. 除了我們，他幾乎沒(méi)什么朋友。

There are few settlements in the wilderness. 在那荒野的地方很少有部落。

We are making a few alterations to the house. 我們對(duì)房子進(jìn)行了一些改建。

He is very shy and has few friends. 他非常害羞，朋友很少。

A lot of guests were expected, but few came. 本來(lái)預(yù)計(jì)要來(lái)很多客人，但沒(méi)來(lái)幾個(gè)。

As yet few have done their full duty, present company excepted. 迄今全部完成任務(wù)的人很少，在座的人除外。

2. 帶不定冠詞的 a few 表示肯定意義，其意為“幾個(gè)”“一些”。如：

I anticipate a few problems. 我預(yù)料會(huì)遇到幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。

Only a few people have been to the Arctic Circle. 只有少數(shù)人去過(guò)北極圈。

In a few minutes, the tired boy fell asleep. 不幾分鐘疲倦的男孩就睡了。

I will throw out a few points that you will think about. 我將提出幾點(diǎn)意見(jiàn)供你思考。

The road bends to the right after a few yards. 這條路在幾碼遠(yuǎn)的地方轉(zhuǎn)向右方。

I just had time to cram down a few biscuits before we left. 在我們離開(kāi)之前，我只來(lái)得及吃了幾塊餅干。

A few specimens will illustrate their general character. 幾個(gè)標(biāo)本就能說(shuō)明它們的基本特征。

We reconstructed what the dinosaur looked like from a few of its bones. 我們根據(jù)恐龍的一些骨頭重組恐龍的原貌。

3. 當(dāng)few前使用了定冠詞、物主代詞或其他限定詞時(shí)，則不表否定意義。如：

I need another few days before I can make up my mind. 我還需幾天才能決定。

She tied up her few belongings into a bundle. 她把自己僅有的幾件東西束成一捆。

Guests were crowded into the few remaining rooms. 把客人都擠在剩余的幾個(gè)房間里了。

These few words fully revealed her noble quality. 這寥寥幾句話充分顯示了她的崇高品質(zhì)。

I never expected those few items to come to so much. 我絕想不到就那么幾項(xiàng)合計(jì)起來(lái)竟要這么多錢(qián)。

The ten men have packed what few belongings they have. 這10個(gè)人已將他們僅有的一點(diǎn)行裝打點(diǎn)好了。

4. 注意：not a few的意思不是“很少”，而是“不少”或“相當(dāng)多”，它與quite a few, a good few大致同義。如：

Not a few of my friends are vegetarian. 我朋友中不少人吃素。

There were hundreds of protestors, not a few of whom were women. 有數(shù)百名抗議者，其中相當(dāng)一部分為婦女。