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現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的理解與用法 | |||
作者:HWD-DZ 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù): 更新時(shí)間:2015/12/27 |
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現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的理解與用法 一、現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的理解 根據(jù)英語語法要求,如果一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語,那么它的邏輯主語應(yīng)該與句子主語體質(zhì)一致,但有時(shí)句子的語義需要現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致,此時(shí)我們就需要使用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由“名詞或代詞(采用主格形式)+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成,其中采用主格形式的“名詞或代詞”就是其后現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語。如: He being absent, nothing couldn't be done. 由于他缺席,什么事也干不成。 Ashton being dead, there was nothing to be done now. 阿希頓已經(jīng)死了,現(xiàn)在沒有什么辦法可想了。 Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天氣允許的話,我們將于明天進(jìn)行比賽。 She sat behind the table, her chin resting in her hands. 她坐在桌子后面,雙手托著下巴。 二、現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的正誤分析 請(qǐng)?jiān)倏聪旅娴恼`句分析: 誤:Being ill, we had to send the boy to hospital. 由于being ill前沒有自帶的邏輯主語,所以從理論上說,它的邏輯主語就應(yīng)該是句子主語,這樣一來此句的意思就是:(我們)生病了,所以我們只好送這男孩去醫(yī)院。顯然這樣的句子不合情理。但是,如果改為下面這樣的句子就沒問題了: 正:Being ill, the boy was sent to hospital. 由于生病了,這男孩被送到了醫(yī)院。 如果改為現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),則可以這樣改寫: 正:The boy being ill, we had to send him to hospital. 這男孩病了,所以我們送他去醫(yī)院。 句中的the boy being ill就是現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),其中的the boy為現(xiàn)在分詞being ill的邏輯主語。 三、現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 1. 表時(shí)間 The question being settled, we went home. 問題解決之后,我們就回家了。 2. 表原因 The day being fine, we decided to go swimming. 天氣好,我們決定去游泳。 The day being fine, they decided to go swimming. 由于天氣很好,我們決定去游泳。 Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. 因?yàn)樵贈(zèng)]有人有話要說,會(huì)議就結(jié)束了。 3. 表結(jié)果 The cart overturned, the horse plunging and rearing in its traces. 馬車翻倒,馬往前一沖,套著挽繩的上半身直立起來。 All this time, they were fast asleep, all of them knowing nothing about what had happened. 那段時(shí)間,他們都很快就入睡了,沒有人知道發(fā)生了什么事。 The plane crashed, its bombs exploding at it hit the ground 飛機(jī)墜毀了,它攜帶的炸彈在它觸地的同時(shí)爆炸了。 4. 表?xiàng)l件 Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天氣允許的話,我們將于明天進(jìn)行比賽。 I’m playing golf this afternoon—weather permitting. 我今天下午打高爾夫球——如果天氣允許的話。 Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress not the white one. 其他方面若都相同,我將買那件黑的衣服,不買那件白的。 5. 表伴隨 She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind. 她向我跑來,秀發(fā)在風(fēng)中飄揚(yáng)著。 We drove through red traffic lights, the horn blaring. 我們鳴著喇叭,闖過紅燈。 She sat behind the table, her chin resting in her hands. 她坐在桌子后面,雙手托著下巴。 |
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