take的常見用法與搭配

1. 表示“拿去”“帶去”等，與 bring（拿來）方向相反。如：

Please take the empty cup away and bring me a cup of tea. 請把這個空杯拿走，給我倒杯茶來。

若語義需要，其后可帶雙賓語；若雙賓語易位，用介詞to引出間接賓語。如：

Please take him a cup of tea.=Please take a cup of tea to him. 請給他端杯茶去。

有時表示“拿去”可能與方向無關(guān)。如：

He took the box to the farm. 他把那個箱子帶到了農(nóng)場。

2. 表示“搭乘（交通工具）”，比較下面的同義表達(dá)：

他決定乘出租車去火車站。

正：He decided to take a taxi to the railway station.

正：He decided to go to the railway station by taxi.

3. 表示“認(rèn)為”“當(dāng)作”等，通常與 for, to be, as 連用。如：

He took me for my brother. 他錯把我當(dāng)成是我兄弟。

I took him for an honest man [to be honest]. 我看他為人老實(shí)。

按傳統(tǒng)說法，take…for 往往指不合事實(shí)地“誤認(rèn)為”，而 take…to be [as] 則可能指正確地也可能指不正確地“認(rèn)為”，但現(xiàn)代英語已不完全遵循此規(guī)則。

4. 表示“花費(fèi)”，主要用于時間，有也用于人力、人手、勞力、精力、腦力等。如：

The flight will take three hours. 路上要飛3小時。

It takes patience. 做這工作需要耐心。

It takes two to make a quarrel. 一個巴掌拍不響。

It took three men to lift the box. 抬這個箱子要3個人。

It takes a lot of labor to build a railway. 修筑一條鐵路要花費(fèi)許多勞動力。

比較以下同義表達(dá)：

他寫這本書花了5年時間。

正：It took him five years to write the book.

正：It took five years for him to write the book.

正：The book took him five years to write.

正：He took five years to write the book.

正：He took five years writing the book.

以上各句均可說，但以第一句最為普通。

在現(xiàn)代英語中take有時可用于金錢。如：

It takes a lot of money to buy a house like that. 買那樣的房子需要很多錢。

It will take ten million dollars to build the library. 建這個圖書館要花1,000萬美元。

5. 用于take to，用法如下：

(1) 對……產(chǎn)生好感，開始喜歡

I took to her the moment I met her. 我一見到她就立刻對她產(chǎn)生了好感。

(2) 形成…的習(xí)慣，沉溺于（通常后接動名詞）

He soon took to drinking again. 不久他又喝起酒來。

(3) 前往（某處），求助于

The criminal took to the woods to hide. 罪犯跑到樹林里藏起來了。

He was ill and had to take to bed. 他病倒了，只好臥床。