英語典型語法錯(cuò)誤100例(1)

1. 這本小說我已讀了三遍。

誤：I've read the novel the third time.

正：I've read the novel a third time.

析：要表示數(shù)量或序數(shù)的增加, 在序數(shù)詞前用不定冠詞。又如：He saw a second plane. 他又看到了第二架飛機(jī)。

2. 他在公共汽車后面追，并追上了。

誤：He ran after the bus, and could catch it.

正：He ran after the bus, and was able to catch it.

析：表示過去特定情況下的能力，可用 was (were) able to 而不能用 could， 不過這種差異在否定句中便不存在了。 如：He ran after the bus but wasn't able to [couldn't] catch it.

3. 我正要上床睡覺，這時(shí)電話鈴響了。

誤：I was about to going to bed when the telephone rang.

正：I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.

析：be about to do sth 是習(xí)語，其意為“正要做某事”，此處的about(有的詞典認(rèn)為是形容詞)之后通常應(yīng)接不定式，不接 to doing sth。

4. 他接受過良好的教育。

誤：He accepted a good education.

正：He received a good education.

析：雖然在通常情況下，accept=接受，receive=收到，但并不是說漢語中所有的“接受”都可用 accept 來對(duì)譯。

5. 他做這事是偶然的，還是故意的?

誤：Did he do it on accident or by purpose?

正：Did he do it by accident or on purpose?

析：by accident 是習(xí)語，表示“偶然地”；on purpose 也是習(xí)語，表示“故意地”，注意兩者介詞的搭配不能混淆。

6. 你怎么解釋事故的原因?

誤：How can you account the accident?

正：How can you account for the accident?

析：account 用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“認(rèn)為”，是及物動(dòng)詞；表示“解釋”“說明”等，是不及物動(dòng)詞，若需后接賓語，通常借助介詞 for。

7. 不要杞人憂天。

誤：Don't across the bridge until you come to it.

正：Don't cross the bridge until you come to it.

正：Don't walk across the bridge until you come to it.

析：across 是介詞或副詞(不是動(dòng)詞)，cross 是動(dòng)詞。

8. 你要想賣掉你的產(chǎn)品,你就得為此登廣告。

誤：If you want to sell your product you must advertise for it.

正：If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.

析：advertise for sth (sb) 意為“登廣告征求或?qū)ふ夷澄锘蚰橙?/SPAN>”(此時(shí) advertise 是不及物動(dòng)詞)；若要表示“為……登廣告”或“登廣告宣傳……”，advertise 是及物動(dòng)詞，其后要直接跟被宣傳的東西作賓語。

9. 他建議我同他們一起去。

誤：He advised me going with them.

正：He advised me to go with them.

析：advise(建議)之后不能用不定式作賓語，但可接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。注意這類句型的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：You would be well advised to stay indoors. 你最好呆在家里。

10. 氣候變化會(huì)影響你的健康。

誤：The change in climate will effect your health.

正：The change in climate will affect your health.

析：affect 和 effect 兩者都可以表示“影響”，但用作此義時(shí)，affect 是動(dòng)詞，而 effect 是名詞。雖然 effect有時(shí)也用作動(dòng)詞，但它不表示“影響”，而表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)”“產(chǎn)生”等。