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完形填空精準解題的“六字要訣”

作者：閆海燕（山西大同北岳中學）

來源：《第二課堂》（初中版）2017年第11期

完形填空是中考英語試題中一個綜合性很強的題型，它既考查學生對詞匯、語法、句型等基礎知識的綜合運用能力，又考查學生對短文的閱讀理解、分析判斷、邏輯推理等能力，是許多同學最容易丟分的一道題。下同為同學們介紹能快速且精準解答英語完形填空題的“六字要訣”，希望對大家有所幫助。

一、略讀

略讀就是要快速通讀全文，了解全文的大體脈絡和體裁。第一遍要略讀，不必急于選擇答案，而是可以跳過選項通讀全篇，了解短文中的時間、地點、人物及事件發生的大體過程。在閱讀時要特別關注全文的首尾段，各段的首尾句，因為這些地方往往會是全文的主旨句，是畫龍點睛之筆，利于掌握短文的主旨大意。

二、細讀

通過略讀，便可以在基本掌握短文大意的前提下細讀全文，并結合上下文的內容、句子結構、固定搭配等進行斟酌，選擇符合題意的選項。這一遍的閱讀要遵循詞不離句、句不離文的原則。既要考慮詞的用法以及語法結構，又要考慮邏輯推理和背景知識等因素，選項要為文章的主題服務。

三、重讀

在確定了選項之后，最后要帶著答案重讀一遍文章，這一步驟非常關鍵。重讀文章要看句子是否順暢，語法是否正確，內容是否與主題一致，表述是否符合英語的表達習慣，上下文的銜接是否合理。對有疑問的地方要仔細推敲，直到自己認為滿意為止。

下面以2017年湖南省長沙市中考英語完形填空題為例，具體分析如何運用“六字要訣”解答完形填空題。

A father and his daughter were flying a kite in the park. The young daughter was a little bit tired, so they took a ___31___ on the bench (凳子). When the daughter saw an old man selling apples, she asked her father to buy her an apple. Her father didn’t bring much money with him, but it was enough to buy two apples. So he did, and gave ___32___ of them to his daughter, smiling.

His daughter held one apple in her left hand and the other in the right hand. Then the father asked her if she could ___33___ one of the apples with him. When the girl heard this, she quickly took a bite (咬) from one apple. And before her father could speak, she also took a bite from the ___34___ apple.

The father was ___35___. He wondered what mistake he made so that his daughter acted in such a greedy (貪婪的) way. He was lost in thought. Perhaps he was just thinking too much. His daughter was too ___36___ to understand about sharing and giving. A smile disappeared from his face.

Suddenly, his daughter with an apple in her left hand said, “Daddy has this one! It is much juicier and ___37___.” Her father was speechless. He felt ___38___ about making the judgment (判斷) so quickly about a small child. But his smile ___39___ knowing why his daughter quickly took a bite from each apple.

Don’t judge anything or draw a conclusion (結論) too quickly. ___40___ spare some more time to understand things better.

31. A. walk                      B. shower                               C. break

32. A. both                      B. either                                  C. neither

33. A. cut                         B. wash                                   C. share

34. A. first                        B. second                               C. third

35. A. satisfied               B. surprised                            C. moved

36. A. brave                    B. silly                                     C. young

37. A. sweeter                B. bitterer                                C. saltier

38. A. proud                    B. great                                   C. bad

39. A. went away           B. came back                         C. ran off

40. A. Always                 B. Never                                  C. Seldom

第一步：略讀

我們通過快速通讀全文了解到，本文說的是一個父親和他女兒因為兩個蘋果而引發的思考。本文的第二段很關鍵，His daughter held one apple in her left hand and the other in the right hand. Then the father asked her if she could ___33___ one of the apples with him. When the girl heard this, she quickly took a bite (咬) from one apple. And before her father could speak, she also took a bite from the ___34___ apple. 當女兒聽到爸爸想要和她分享她的蘋果時，女兒飛快地把她自己手里的蘋果分別咬了一口。文章在這里出現疑問了，爸爸不解為什么會發生這樣的情況，他猜測了發生這樣事情的原因。可是，隨著故事的發展，第三段的第一句話是另外一個關鍵點，我們在閱讀的時候需要特別注意。Suddenly, his daughter with an apple in her left hand said, “Daddy has this one! It is much juicier and ___37___.”，女兒的話排除了父親的疑問，引出了全文的一個結論：我們不應該對一件事情很快地下結論，我們應該多花點時間去更好地了解事情的真相。

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