狀語(yǔ)從句用法歸納

1. 狀語(yǔ)從句概說

狀語(yǔ)從句即指在主從復(fù)合句中用作狀語(yǔ)的從句。狀語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)其用途可分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句等：

When she saw this, she turned red. 她看到這時(shí)臉紅了。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)

He was angry because I was late. 他很生氣因?yàn)槲疫t到了。(原因狀語(yǔ)從句)

If you come, he'll be pleased. 如果你來，他會(huì)高興的。(條件狀語(yǔ)從句)

He was so angry that he couldn't speak. 他氣得話都說不出來。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)

Although he is poor, he’s happy. 雖然窮，但他仍很快樂。(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)

You must do as I tell you. 你必須按我告訴你的去做。(方式狀語(yǔ)從句)

Put it where you can reach it. 把它放在你可以拿到的地方。(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句)

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 講清楚些，以便他們能理解你。(目的狀語(yǔ)從句)

【注】各類狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法及區(qū)別詳見本書“連詞”一章。

2. 狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài)：

Tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一來就告訴他。(不能用will arrive)

I won't go if it rains tomorrow. 要是明天下雨，我就不去。(不能用will rain)

【注】有時(shí)也可見到 if you will 這樣的說法，但那不是將來時(shí)態(tài)，而是表示意愿或委婉的請(qǐng)求(此處的 will是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)：

    If you will wait a moment, I'll fetch the money. 請(qǐng)等一下，我就去拿錢。

3. because習(xí)慣上不與so連用

漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上說“因?yàn)?/SPAN>…所以…”，但英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上卻不能將 so與because 連用：

因?yàn)橄掠辏�所以我們呆在家里�?/SPAN>

誤：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.

正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home.

正：It was raining, so we stayed at home.

4. (al)though習(xí)慣上不與but連用

漢語(yǔ)中可說“雖然…但是…”，但按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，通常不能說although…but或though…but：

雖然很危險(xiǎn)，但我要試試。

誤：Although it is dangerous, but I will try.

正：Although it is dangerous, I will try.

正：It is dangerous, but I will try.

5. 狀語(yǔ)從句與省略

為了簡(jiǎn)潔起見，有的狀語(yǔ)從句(如時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句等)有時(shí)可省略從句的主語(yǔ)和部分謂語(yǔ)(尤其是當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)包括有動(dòng)詞be時(shí))：

She fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework. 他在做作業(yè)時(shí)睡著了。

He kept silent when (he was) asked why he was late. 問他為什么遲到，他一言不發(fā)。

Although (it was) built 100 years ago, the bridge is very strong. 雖然建于100年前，但這橋還是很牢固。

【注】有些由if構(gòu)成的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，已屬固定短語(yǔ)，如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so：(www.hz123456.com)

There are few, if any, mistakes in that book. 那本書就是有錯(cuò)誤也不多。

If necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要，可以打電話到我家找我。

If possible, I wish to go there next summer. 如果可能，我希望明年夏天去。

He may be busy. If so, I'll call later. If not, can I see him now? 他可能很忙，要是這樣，我以后再來拜訪。要是不忙，我現(xiàn)在可以見他嗎?