2020高考英語-北京卷真題（精校附答案）

本試卷共12 頁，共120 分。考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)100 分鐘。

考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。

考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45 分）

第一節(jié) 語法填空（共10 小題；每小題1.5 分，共15 分）

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1 個(gè)適當(dāng) 的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

A

Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food    1   (play) a big role in his life. “My mum was a great cook, and she’d sometimes let me have a try,” he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum’s help. Oliver says if you’re     2   (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them   3   you can join in when it’s possible.

B

Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they    4   (throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years   5   (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart    6   countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of    7   (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.

C

A piece of stone    8   (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals    9   (live) alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40,000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it’s long been assumed that human ancestors were    10   (smart) than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.

第二節(jié) 完形填空（共20 小題；每小題1.5 分，共30 分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A 、B 、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出 最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get-together in the town of Vail.

On Saturday, we all went to the market right in the middle of the town. Near the end, we all   11   at the fountain near the bridge, and the kids waded (蹚水) around in the fountain until we    12   . This is one of the busiest walking streets.

After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7-year-old son Ponder   13  that nowhere could he find his backpack, which   14   his Gameboy and his watch. After a thorough   15  , we determined that he must have left it at the fountain.

Ponder has never     16   anything. So we just take for granted that he needs no supervision (指導(dǎo)) for managing his    17   .

He was upset, not about the Gameboy, but about the watch. “But Dad,” he said, through massive    18   , “they don’t make that kind of watch anymore.” We were all very     19   .

Our dinner reservation was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge, so I    20   him that we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been     21   .

As we exited from the parking garage, we could see the fountain as we walked down the long staircase. I saw something black     22     there, but it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain, so I could not    23   what it was or if it was hers.

“See it, Dad?” Ponder shouted. “Don’t get too    24   because that may not be it,” I said. But that was it. It had been five or six hours since we left the fountain, and it was    25   there. There was no ID in it, and it looked like someone had looked through it and then set it right out where all could    26   it.

I literally     27   when we reached it and it was his! Everyone in our party was blown away by this “miracle (奇跡)”. In my wildest     28    , I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays.

What a charmed life, eh? I believe this was a perfect    29   for a child in losing something important to lose it and feel the full    30   of that loss, and then to miraculously get it back.

11. A. drove             B. hiked                 C. met                 D. united

12. A. landed          B. left                       C. settled             D. slept

13. A. responded   B. recognised       C. realised            D. recalled

14. A. contained     B. combined          C. comprised      D. covered

15. A. preparation B. checkup             C. revision            D. search

16. A. wasted        B. lost                      C. sought             D. deserted

17. A. emotion      B. time                    C. money               D. stuff

18. A. tears            B. fists                    C. reliefs                D. outbreaks

19. A. hesitant      B. curious               C. sad                     D. eager

20. A. promised    B. informed           C. warned              D. taught

21. A. worn out     B. caught up          C. put away           D. turned in

22. A. hiding         B. sitting                 C. swinging           D. flowing

23. A. assess        B. declare              C. tell                      D. predict

24. A. excited        B. puzzled             C. relaxed              D. amused

25. A. already       B. even                  C. almost               D. still

26. A. take             B. see                    C. touch                 D. protect

27. A. panicked    B. exploded           C. collapsed          D. cried

28. A. dreams       B. claims               C. efforts                D. passions

29. A. mode          B. lesson               C. option                D. plot

30. A. range          B. pressure           C. weight               D. harvest

第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40 分）

第一節(jié)（共15 小題；每小題2 分，共30 分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A 、B 、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并 在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

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31. Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning?

A. Culture researchers.

B. AI specialists.

C. Language experts.

D. Art designers.

32. What lies at the core of the Lancom app?

A. A flexible system.

B. An effective method.

C. The brain-training technique.

D. The informative content.

33. Lancom claims that it is unique in its ______.

A. personalised courses

B. multiple languages

C. pricing policy 

D. service team

B

Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.

Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her monitor has

shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.

Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However, since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair (嬰兒車), she frequently records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment Agency.

The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy’s 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma (哮喘).

Matt Hunt said he was “very proud” of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down and gets on with it and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma.”

“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age,” Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets (小裝置). About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, ‘why don’t we put it on Baggy’s collar and let her monitor the pollution?’ So we did it.”

Tom said, “Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog, and we are all really proud of her.”

34. With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can ______.

A. take pollutant readings

B. record pollutant levels

C. process collected data

D. reduce air pollution

35. What can we learn from the Baggy data?

A. High places are free of air pollution.

B. Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.

C. Conventional monitors are more reliable.

D. Air is more polluted closer to the ground.

36. What is Tom’s purpose of doing the research?

A. To warn of a health risk.

B. To find out pollution sources.

C. To test his new monitor.

D. To prove Baggy’s abilities.

37. According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?

A. Modest.  B. Generous.

C. Creative.  D. Outgoing.

 C

For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript (手稿) consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.

The author’s intention remains as mysterious (神秘) as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any of the skills the author described. “You simply can’t get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says.

Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn’t just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen (工匠) who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.

The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What’s more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can’t appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared—something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.

Smith has put the manuscript’s ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together. She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.

Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering (修補(bǔ)), as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.

If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.

38. How did Smith feel after reading the French manuscript?

A. Confused about the technical terms.

B. Impressed with its detailed instructions.

C. Discouraged by its complex structure.

D. Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.

39. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to ______.

A. restore old workshops B. understand the craftsmen

C. improve visual effects D. inspire the philosophers

40. Why does the author mention museums?

A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects.

B. To present the findings of old science.

C. To highlight the importance of antiques.

D. To emphasise the values of hand skills.

41. Which would be the best title for this passage?

A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists

B. Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories

C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists

D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science

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