以a-開頭的形容詞用法新探·adrift

■ 江蘇省豐縣首羨鎮(zhèn)逸夫中學  李  翔

一、adrift 的用法：

1. (尤指船) 隨風及水流漂浮而失去控制，漂浮( (esp of a boat) driven by wind and water and out of control；drifting) 作表語。例如：

The survivors were adrift on a raft for six days. 幸存者在筏子上漂浮了六天。

The ship was adrift on the high seas. 那艘船在公海上飄流。

2. 漫無目的的；隨波逐流的(having no purpose；aimless) ，作表語。例如：

The football team was adrift while the coach was sick. 教練生病時，足球隊員便放任自流。

3. 松開，脫開( unfastened；loose) 作表語。例如：

Part of the car’s bumper had come adrift. 汽車的保險杠有一處松動。

4. 有故障；出錯；有毛病(out of order; wrong) 作表語。例如：

Our plans went badly adrift. 我們的計劃嚴重受挫。

二、adrift 的搭配

1. be all adrift

(1) 漂流。例如：

The ship was all adrift three days and nights. 這條船漂流了三天三夜。

(2) 莫名其妙；茫然失措。例如：

For all your effort to enlighten me, I am still all adrift. 盡管你設法讓我開竅，我可仍然莫名其妙。

2. come[go]adrift

(1) 松開；脫落。例如：

The button has come adrift. 扣子脫落了。

(2) 有故障；出錯；有毛病。例如：

The project went adrift.這個項目出問題了。

3. set[ turn] adrift

(1) 使漂流。例如：

King Acrisius, in dismay, ordered mother and child to be boxed up in a chest, and set adrift on the sea. 阿克里西俄斯國王深為不安，下令將母子倆裝進一只箱子扔到海里隨波飄浮。

 (2) 使漂泊沒有著落；撇棄……于不顧。例如：

Two or three grave sedate-looking persons shook their heads, and left the inn, hinting, that if Gile Gosling wished to continue to thrive, he should turn his thriftless godless nephew adrift again.有兩三個嚴肅而沉靜的人卻搖搖頭，走出了旅店，暗示吉爾斯·戈斯林，要是他想生意繼續(xù)興隆，就該趁早打發(fā)這個奢侈無度、不敬上帝的外甥再到外面去漂泊。

And they would see themselves as the Babes in the Wood, or Cinderella, or young princes more lovely than the morning, turned adrift on the world to seek their fortunes, while vulgar and ugly cuckoos slept in their beds and drank the top of the milk.

4. cast [turn, set] sb / sth. adrift

(1) 使漂流。例如：

The storm set the boat adrift.風暴使那條船漫無目標地飄流。

(2) 逐出(某人)；使漂泊無依；免職, 辭退。例如：

children turned[cast] by society  被社會拋棄漂泊無依的兒童

The country will thus be perilously set adrift, possibly towards the war. 國家將因此而被弄得岌岌可危地隨波逐流，可能導致戰(zhàn)爭。

The war turned him adrift. 戰(zhàn)爭使得他四處漂泊。

5. cut sb / sth adrift  使漂流。例如：

cut the boat from its moorings 砍斷纜繩使船從泊地漂走

6. far adrift  偏離。例如：

We are getting further and further adrift；let us return to the agenda. 我們越來越偏離主題了，讓我們回到議事日程上來。

7. adrift from 漂離；脫離，斷絕。例如：

The boat went [was set] adrift from the moorings. 那條船漂離了停泊處。

He cut himself adrift from home and family. 他同家庭斷絕了了關系。

8. adrift on 漂在……上。例如：

The ship was adrift on the boundless sea. 船漂流在茫茫無邊的大海上。

The ship was adrift on unknown seas. 船在陌生的大海上漂流。