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以a-開頭的形容詞用法新探 • afraid |
作者:李翔 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2009-08-16 文章錄入:lx612800 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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三、afraid的同義詞語辨析 1. be afraid of doing sth. 和be afraid to do sth. (1) Michael Swan著Practical English Usage (Third Editiion)p277:To talk about fear things that happen accidentally, we prefer afraid of +-ing.(表示害怕會偶然發(fā)生什么事,一般用afraid of +-ing。) I don’t like to drive fast because I’m afraid of crashing. 我不愛開快車,因?yàn)榕伦曹嚒?/SPAN> In other cases we can use afraid of +-ing or afraid +infinitive with no differenceof meaning.(其他情況下,既可以afraid of +-ing,也可以用afraid +動詞不定式,意思并無不同。) I’m not afraid of telling / to tell her the truth. 我不怕把真實(shí)情況告訴他。 (2)【日】田中茂范等編《外研社英漢多功能詞典》(楊文江等編譯 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社 2008年7月第1版)p39:表示不受害怕主語意志控制的不測事態(tài)時(shí),用of doing,其他情況用 to do和 of doing均可。但是表示“害怕某結(jié)果而不敢做……“時(shí)主要用to do。 (3) 葛傳槼編著《英語慣用法詞典》(新修訂本)(時(shí)代出版社 1958年9月初版)p29-30: “afraid”后面接infinitive作“怕……”或“不敢……”解;“afraid”后接“of”和 gerund通常做“恐怕將……”解,但也往往作“怕……”或“不敢……”解。如“afraid to die”是“怕死”或“不敢死”;“afraid of dying”通常是“恐怕將死”,但也往往作“怕死”或“不敢死”。 “afraid to see him”是“怕見他”或“不敢見他”; “afraid of seeing him”通常是“(不要見他而)恐怕不免見他”,但也往往作“怕見他”或“不敢見他”解。假定你很怕傷風(fēng),該說“afraid to catch cold” 或“afraid of catching cold”;假定你衣服穿的少,恐怕要傷風(fēng),該說“afraid of catching cold”。 (4) A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet著A PracticalEnglish Grammar (第四版) (外語教學(xué)與研究出版社 1991年2月第1版)p238: be afraid of + gerund Here the gerund usually expresses an aqction which the subject fears may happen. It is normally an involuntary action(這里動名詞常常表示主語擔(dān)心發(fā)生的事情。這些常常是無意讓發(fā)生的事情): She avoids lonely streets. She is afraid of being mugged. 她避免在沒人的馬路行走。她怕遭搶劫。 be afraid +infinitive means that the subject is / was etc. too frightened to perform the action. This is obviously a deliberate action(被afraid+不定式表示主語非常害怕,以至不敢采取某一行動。這些通常是有意讓發(fā)生的動作): He was afraid to jump. 他不敢跳。(他沒跳。) (5) 陸谷孫主編《英漢大詞典》(第2版) (上海譯文出版社2007年3月第1版)p33: (afraid)后接“of+動名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)一般只表示“怕做某事”的意思;如后動詞接不定式則側(cè)重表示“因?yàn)閾?dān)心后果嚴(yán)重而不敢也不愿做某事”。如He is not afraid of dying.和 He is afraid to die.兩句,雖都可譯作“他不怕死。”但前者只是說出一個(gè)事實(shí),后者則包含諸如“他心甘情愿地去赴死”之類更近一層的意思;又如She was afraid of waking her husband. 和She was afraid to wake her husband.兩句,雖都可譯作“她生怕把丈夫弄醒了”,后一句又包含“考慮到可能招惹丈夫發(fā)怒的后果而不敢弄醒”之類的意思。 |
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