談談teach sb to do sth的引申翻譯

一、teach sb to do sth 的基本用法

teach sb to do sth 是大家都很熟悉的語法結構，其意為“教某人做某事”，如：

He promised to teach her to water-ski. 他答應教她滑水。      

You can teach some parrots to talk. 可以教某些鸚鵡說話。

We should teach the children to know good from bad. 我們應教育兒童分辨是非。

Parents ought to teach their children to behave themselves. 父母應教導子女舉止得體。

He taught me to obey all commands without asking questions. 他教我毫無疑義地服從命令。

二、teach sb to do sth 的引申用法

teach sb to do sth 有時可用于引申義，表示懲罰某人以使其不再敢做某事。這樣用時主要用于以下幾個句式：

1. I’ll teach sb (not) to do sth

可根據情況譯為：如果……我要讓你有得瞧；你若……我就要教訓你；如果你……我就要對你不客氣。如：

I’ll teach you to call me a liar! 你說我說謊，我就要教訓你!

I’ll teach you to call him names! 如果你辱罵他，我就要對你不客氣了。

I’ll teach you to get smart with me. 你膽敢對我出口不遜，我要好好教訓你。

Where’s Jimmy? I’ll teach him to disobey me. 吉米在哪？他膽敢不聽我的話，我要好好教訓教訓他。

2. That’ll teach sb (not) to do sth

通常可譯為：這就是給……做某事的教訓；看……還（敢不敢）做不做某事。如：

That’ll teach you to be late! 這就是遲到給你的教訓！

So Roger spent the night in a freezing garage, did he? That’ll teach him to go out without his house keys! 羅杰在冷冰冰的車庫里過了一晚是嗎？那就是他不帶房門鑰匙出去的教訓。

So you lost all your money? That’ll teach you to gamble. 這么說，你把錢都輸光了? 這就是賭博給你的教訓。

He’s left her, has he? Ha! That’ll teach her to go chasing other women’s husbands! 他把她給甩了，是嗎？哈哈！這看她今后還追不追別人的丈夫！

There. That’ll teach you to get smart with me. 怎么樣，你膽敢對我出口不遜，現在嘗到什么滋味了吧。

3. This’ll teach sb (not) to do sth

通常可譯為：要讓……嘗嘗做某事的后果；要給……以教訓；要懲罰……做某事；好好教訓……使其不敢做某事。如：

This will teach you not to shit on me. 我要讓你嘗嘗告發我的后果。

This’ll teach him to put a frog in my bed. 他膽敢把青蛙放在我床上，我就要讓叫他嘗嘗這樣干的后果。

說明：This’ll teach sb (not) to do sth 與 That’ll teach you (not) to do sth 的區別是，前者主通常在進行懲罰之前用，后者則通常在進行懲罰之后用。

另外，有時若語境明確，可省略其后的不定式，其翻譯也可采用以上類似的表達。如：

So you were ill after eating those green apples, were you? That’ll teach you. 這么說你是吃了那些生蘋果才得病的，是嗎？這就是給你的教訓。