賓語從句用虛擬語氣的10種類型

一、I wish后的賓語從句

動詞wish后接賓語從句時，從句謂語要用虛擬語氣。若要表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時或過去進行時；若表示與過去相反的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時或would / could+have +過去分詞；若表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，用would (could)＋動詞原形。如：

I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用處。

We wish he didn’t smoke. 我們希望他不吸煙。

I wish prices would come down. 我希望物價能降下來。

I wish the train would come. 我希望火車會來。

二、表示“堅持”后的賓語從句

主要是指insist的賓語從句，從句謂語由“should+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國英語中通�？梢允÷�。如：

I insisted that he (should) stay. 我堅持要他留下。

He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他堅持要我同他們一起去。

Rose insisted that he be present. 羅斯堅持要他出席。

The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探堅持要查看。

注意：動詞insist后接賓語從句時，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別是：若謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣；若謂語動詞所表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實，則要用陳述語氣。比較：

He insisted that I had read his letter. 他堅持說我看過他的信。

He insisted that I should read his letter. 他堅持要我看他的信。

三、表示“命令”后的賓語從句

主要是指order, command的賓語從句，從句謂語由“should+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國英語中通�？梢允÷�。如：

He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。

Thejudge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告還押。

The King ordered that the man be released. 國王命令釋放那人。

He commanded that we (should) attack at once. 他命令我們立即發(fā)起進攻。

四、表示“建議”后的賓語從句

主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的賓語從句，從句謂語由“should+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國英語中通常可以省略。如：

He suggested that we should leave early. 他建議我們早點動身。

The doctor advised that he change his job. 醫(yī)生勸他換工作。

They recommend that this tax be abolished. 他們建議取消這種稅。

I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建議我們現(xiàn)在就吃午飯。

The committee proposed (that) Mr. Day be elected. 委員會建議推選戴先生。

The doctor advised [suggested] that he (should) not smoke. 醫(yī)生建議他不要抽煙。

I propose that the matter be put to the vote at once. 我提議對此問題立刻進行表決。

He proposed that Mr. O’Leary be the chairman. 他提議奧列利先生擔(dān)任主席。

She suggested that I (should) be responsible for the arrangements. 她建議我來負責(zé)進行安排。

注意：與動詞insist相似，動詞suggest后接賓語從句時，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別也是：若謂語動詞所表示的情況尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣，此時suggest通常譯為“建議”；若謂語動詞所表示的情況為既成事實，則要用陳述語氣，此時的suggest通常譯為“表明”、“認為”。比較并體會：

He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建議我們留下吃飯。

What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他說的話表明他是個騙子。

I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我覺得你與他心照不宣。