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過去分詞與現在分詞被動式有何區別 |
作者:Enwed-ZN… 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數 更新時間:2011-07-30 文章錄入:admin 責任編輯:admin |
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過去分詞與現在分詞被動式有何區別 1. 意義上的區別 過去分詞和現在分詞的被動式在表示被動時,其主要區別是:過去分詞不僅表示被動,而且通常還表示完成;而現在分詞的被動式則在表示被動的同時還表示動詞在進行,但它不表示完成。如: We found him greatly changed. 我們發現他變化很大。 I've heard him criticized many times. 我曾聽見他多次受到批評。 He often came to watch the boats being loaded and unloaded. 他常常到這里來看輪船裝貨卸貨。 I woke up to hear the bedroom door being opened slowly. 我醒過來,聽見臥室的門慢慢地被推開。 ▲兩點補充: (1) 過去分詞表示被動是“肯定”的,但過去分詞表示完成則不是強制性的,有時與句子的相關搭配有關。如: He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿誰提及此事。 She had to shout to make herself heard. 她必須大聲喊才能讓人聽見她說話。 We want the work finished by Saturday. 我們要求這工作禮拜六以前完成。 We’ll have to get the car repaired before Tuesday. 我們必須在星期二以前把汽車修好。 (2) 現在分詞被動式表示被動是“肯定”的,但它表示進行則不是強制性的,有時表示其他意義,比如表原因等: Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有一堵墻保護,他感到很安全。 Being well taken care of, she recovered quickly. 她受到很好的照顧,身體恢復得很快。 Being surrounded, the rebel troops were forced to surrender. 叛軍被包圍了,結果被迫投降。 Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. 這篇文章倉卒寫就,故錯誤百出。 2. 用法上的區別 過去分詞可以用于表示條件,相當于一個被動的條件狀語從句,但是現在分詞的被動式一般不這樣用。如: Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. 如從這個角度看,問題并不像人們一般料想的那樣嚴重。 句中的過去分詞Seen in this light 表示條件,相當于if it is seen in this light。此句我們不能說成: Being seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. 如從這個角度看,問題并不像人們一般料想的那樣嚴重。 ▲另外,單個的過去分詞可用于名詞前作定語,但現在分詞的被動式不能這樣用。如: He is a changed man since you left. 打你走后,他就變了個人。 This method has an added advantage. 這個方法有一個額外的好處。 We have an agreed agenda for action. 我們有一項達成共識的行動日程。 Carbohydrates and fats do not constitute a balanced diet. 碳水化合物和脂肪不能構成營養均衡的飲食。 Highlight the chosen area by clicking and holding down the left mouse button. 點擊并摁住鼠標左鍵將所選區域高亮顯示。 ▲如果現在分詞的被動式用作定語,必須置于被修飾名詞之后。如: I wasn’t interested in the question being discussed. 我對討論的問題不感興趣。 The distinction being made is purely academic. 作出的這一區分是純學術性的。 The building being renovated is an ancient temple. 正在翻修的那個建筑是一座古廟。 She recognized the potential for error in the method being used. 她意識到在所采用的方法中可能出錯。 The gunman escaped on a motorcycle being ridden by an accomplice. 槍手乘坐一輛由同伙駕駛的摩托車逃跑了。
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