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as long as 與only if 辨析 |
作者:mydekt 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數 更新時間:2011-10-11 文章錄入:admin 責任編輯:admin |
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as long as 與only if 辨析 一、基本用法的差別 1. as long as 有兩個意思,一是用于本義,意為“與……一樣長(久)”,在否定句中,也可說成 (not) so long as;二是用于引申義,表示“只要”,用于此義時也可說成 so long as(不管是肯定句、否定句還是疑問句)。如: This river is as long as that one. 這條河與那條河一條長。 He lived abroad as long as five years. 他住在國外長達五年之久。 He didn’t stay there as [so] long as she. 他在那兒住得不如她久。 As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨,我們就可以去。 As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay. 只要你需要我,我就留下。 2. only if 可視為 if 的加強說法,即其中的 only 是修飾 if 從句的,其意為“只有在……條件下”。如: I’ll tell you, but only if you don’t tell anyone else. 我可以告訴你,但條件是你不能告訴其他任何人。 I’ll accept the bill only if you send it to my home address. 你必須把賬單送到我住的地方,我才愿意償付。 二、語氣上的差別 從語氣上看,only if 的語氣要比as long as 強,as long as 通常只是用于提出一個條件,與if 的意思比較接近;而only if 引出的從句內容則通常暗示它是主句內容的唯一條件,含有“只有……才……”“只有在……的時候”“……唯一的條件是……”之意。比較: As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. 只要你盡力,我們就滿意了。 You can borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你不把書弄臟,這書你就可以借。 We can succeed only if everyone in the team pulls his weight. 我們全隊只有人人各盡所能才能取得成功。 The coach stops at the principal hotels to pick up tourists, but only if they arrange this in advance. 大客車到各主要的旅館來接觀光者,但條件是必須事先安排好。 三、動詞搭配上的差別 在許多情況下,as long as 與 only if 均可用,只是語氣有強弱之分。但是,當主句和從句的謂語動詞均為短暫性動詞時,通常只用 only if,而不用 as long as。如: 你只有請他,他才會來。 誤:He will come as long as you ask him. 正:He will come only if you ask him. 析:此句中的 only if 不能用 as long as 代替,因為動詞 ask 與 come 均短暫性動詞。 四、詞序上的差別 兩者均可引導從句置于主句之后,也可置于主句之前。但是,當only if 引導的狀語從句置于主句之前時,其后的主句要用倒裝語序,而且 as long as 引導的從句置于主句之前不用倒裝。如: As long as it doesn’t rain we can play. 只要不下雨,我們就能玩。 As long as you’re happy, it doesn’t matter what you do. 只要你高興,你做什么都沒關系。 Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room. 只有得到教師的允許,學生才可以進這間屋。 Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees. 只要紅燈一亮,就表示有危及職工的險情。 五、注意 only if 與 if only 的差別 only if 意為“只要”,可視為 if 的加強說法。而 if only 有兩個意思,一是表示“只要”,此時通常與陳述語氣連用,與 only if 用法相似;二是表示“但愿”“要是……就好了”,此時多與虛擬語氣連用。如: I will come only if you promise not to invite Mary. 只要你答應不請瑪麗,我就來。 If only it clears up, we’ll go. 只要天晴,我們就去。 If only I was rich. 要是我很有錢就好了。 If only I hadn’t told him about it. 要是我沒有告訴他這事就好了。 It’s a good plan, if only we could carry it out. 那是個不錯的計劃,但愿我們能實現它。 |
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