2. 將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞短語

有時為了簡潔起見可將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞短語作定語：

Who’s the girl who is sitting beisde Jim? / Who’s the girl sitting beside Jim? 坐在吉姆旁邊的女孩是誰？

Most of the people who were invited to the party were teachers. / Most of the people invited to the party were teachers. 應(yīng)邀參加晚會大多數(shù)是教師。

Anyone who touches that wire will get a shock. / Anyone touching that wire will get a shock.任何人觸到那根電線都會遭到電擊。

注意，并非所有的定語從句都能轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞短語，比如那些不能后置定語的分詞短語就不能與定語從句進行轉(zhuǎn)換：

誤：This is the boy being from the country. (being引出的分詞短語通常不用定語，除非它是構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的助動詞)

正：This is the boy who is from the country. 這是來自鄉(xiāng)下的那個男孩。

誤：We caught the thief having stolen the car. (現(xiàn)在分詞完成式不用作定語，即使換成一般式也不對，因為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時它不能先于謂語動作之前發(fā)生)

正：We caught the thief having stolen the car. 我們抓住了偷汽車的小偷。

六、應(yīng)考定語從句的幾個易錯點：

1. 混淆定語從句與并列句

請看下面兩題：

(1) He has two children, and both of _____ are abroad.

A. them                    B. which                   C. whom                   D. who

(2) He has two children, both of _____ are abroad.

A. them                    B. which                   C. whom                   D. who

第(1)題選A，第(2)題選C。由于第(1)題中用了并列連詞and，從而使整個句子為并列句，and后應(yīng)是一個獨立的簡單句，所以選A不選C；第(2)題沒有并列連詞and，both of whom are abroad為非限制性定語從句。

2. 混淆定語從句與表語(從句)

請看下面的試題：

(1) Your coat is still _____ you left it.

A. where                   B. there                    C. there where           D. the place where

答案選A，where引導(dǎo)的是表語從句(=在…的地方)，而不是定語從句。

(2) Is this school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?

A. where                   B. what                     C. that                      D. the one

答案選D，this school為句子主語，the one 為表語，your father worked in…為定語從句。不要誤認(rèn)為this是句子主語，否則school前應(yīng)加冠詞the。比較：

Is this the school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?

A. where                   B. what                     C. that                      D. the one  (選C)

Is this the school _____ your father worked ten years ago?

A. where                   B. what                     C. that                      D. the one  (選A)

3. 混淆定語從句與狀語從句

請看下面的試題：

(1) I went upstairs ______I heard some crying.

A. where                   B. when                    C. that                      D. which

答案是B而不是A，when的意思是“當(dāng)…的時候”，引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句。(upstairs為副詞，不宜用作先行詞)

(2) He is _____ a clever boy _____ we all like.

A. such, that              B. such, as                C. so, that                 D. so, as

答案應(yīng)選B，而不是A。such … that …(如此…以致…)用于引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，其中的that不充當(dāng)句子成分，而such…as…中的as為關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語從句并在定語從句充當(dāng)句子成分。上句中第二空之所以選as，是因為它用作動詞like賓語。

4. 誤加與關(guān)系代詞同義的人稱代詞

誤：He is a man everyone respects him.(www.hz123456.com)

正：He is a man everyone respects. 他是一個人人都敬重的人。

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