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做非謂語動詞考題的常用技巧 |
作者:劉青沅 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數 更新時間:2013-05-17 文章錄入:admin 責任編輯:admin |
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做非謂語動詞考題的常用技巧 作者:劉青沅(湖南) 來源:《第二課堂(高中版)》,2013年第05期 綜觀歷年高考英語非謂語動詞考題,其考點主要不外乎以下四類:一是要求考生確定該用何種非謂語動詞(不定式?動名詞?現在分詞?過去分詞?);二是要求考生確定非謂語動詞用什么時態(一般式?進行式?完成式?);三是要求考生確定非謂語動詞用什么語態(主動式?被動式?);四是在考查其他知識點時用非謂語動詞選項作干擾,要求考生能準確識別。下面我們分別就這四類考點的應對技巧作一歸納,希望對同學們的復習有所幫助。 一、確定非謂語動詞形式的技巧 1. 根據語法特點確定 英語語法對非謂語動詞的具體使用有許多“規則”,其中最基本、最簡單,同時也是最常考的一條是:介詞后通常要用動名詞,不用不定式。這一點雖然看似簡單,但許多容易忽略,尤其是當介詞與所考查的動名詞被其他成分所隔開時,更是容易被忽略。如: 例1 One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them. (北京卷) A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting 解析:答案為D。making mistakes 和 correcting them 為兩個并列的動名詞,用作介詞 by 的賓語,所以應采用相同的形式。又如:When you are cooking it’s best to clear up as you go, instead of leaving everything to the end and having a terrible pile of things to deal with. 烹調時,最好是邊干邊收拾,而不要把活留到最后而剩下一大堆東西要打掃收拾。 例2 Pressed from his parents, and ______ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. (福建卷) A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized 解析:答案為A。介詞 from 后接有兩個并列成分作賓語,一個是 his parents,另一個是 realizing that…。句意為:一方面來自父母的壓力,另一方面自己也意識到已經浪費了太多時間,這個男孩決定不再玩電子游戲了。又如:After looking up their number in the phone book and making sure l had got it right, I phoned again. 我查了電話簿,確信電話號碼無誤之后,我又打了電話。 2. 根據搭配習慣確定 英語中有許多需要與特定非謂語動詞搭配的表達,如有些動詞只接不定式作賓語,而有些動詞則只接動名詞作賓語;有些動詞可接不定式的復合結構作賓語,而有些動詞卻不能接不定式的復合結構作賓語;有些固定搭配習慣上只允許與不定式搭配,有些固定搭配習慣上只允許與現在分詞搭配,還有些固定搭配則習慣上只允許與過去分詞搭配;等等——所有這些都有可能成為高考的考點,所以記住這些搭配習慣對做題至關重要。如: 例1 I remembered ______ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. (安徽卷) A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 解析:答案為B。remember 后接不定式作賓語和動名詞作賓語均可,但意思不同:后接不定式表示記住要做某事,后接動名詞表示記住做過的事情。根據句意,選B最合適。句意為:我在離開辦公室前記住了要鎖門,但忘記了要關燈。又如:Please remember to water the plants while I’m away. 我不在時,請記住澆花。 例2 Having finished her project, she was invited by the school ______ to the new students. (江西卷) A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken 解析:答案為C。考查 invite sb to do sth 句式,但試題中用的是 invite 的被動式。又如:Don’t forget we’re invited to the Jones’ for drinks on Sunday. 別忘了我們受邀請到瓊斯家參加星期日的酒會。 例3 If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge. (陜西卷) A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet 解析:答案為D。have no choice but to do sth 為英語固定句式,意為“除了做某事外別無選擇;只好做某事”,其中的不定式不可改為其他形式。又如:For the above reasons, the management has no choice but to close the factory. 基于上述原因,管理層沒有辦法,只好關閉工廠。 例4 As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed _______ into the sports club. (上海卷) A. going B. to go C. go D. gone 解析:答案為B。考查allow sb to do sth(允許某人做某事)句式,此題屬該句式的被動式,表示“被允許做某事”。又如:Exam candidates are not allowed to use advanced calculators with database capability. 考生不得使用有數據庫功能的高級計算器。 例5 When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ______ the right things to say. (上海卷) A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of 解析:答案為A。考查 have trouble doing sth(做某事有困難)的用法,其中的 doing sth 習慣上不能改為不定式或過去分詞,但可在 doing sth 前加上介詞 in(加上介詞 in 后,doing 為動名詞)。又如:No, I don’t know his number—I have quite enough trouble remembering my own. 不,我不知道他的號碼,我光記自己的號碼就夠困難的了。 |
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