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如何正確使用關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 |
作者:陳根花 文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù)9999 更新時(shí)間:2013-09-07 文章錄入:陳根花 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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四、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的辨析 1. 關(guān)系代詞that 與 which的區(qū)別 關(guān)系代詞that和which都可指物,常可互換,其區(qū)別是: (1) 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句或直接放在介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要用關(guān)系代詞which。如: Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得開車很快,這是很危險(xiǎn)的。(關(guān)系代詞which在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句) This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 這是一個(gè)我們可能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題。(關(guān)系代詞which直接用在介詞about后作賓語(yǔ)) (2) 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞或被其修飾、受the very, the only, the same 等修飾、受形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞(包括last, next)等修飾、關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中用作表語(yǔ)或先行詞是一個(gè)既指人又指物的并列詞組時(shí),通常用關(guān)系代詞that。如: All that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必須做。 This is the only book (that) I find useful. 這是我發(fā)現(xiàn)的惟一有用的書。 The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你應(yīng)該做的第一件事是訂個(gè)計(jì)劃。 China is not the country (that) it was. 中國(guó)已不是過(guò)去的中國(guó)了。 2. 關(guān)系代詞 as 與 which的區(qū)別 (1) 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在 such, as, the same 后只能用關(guān)系代詞 as,其他情況用 關(guān)系代詞which。如: He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起來(lái)那么傻。 He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford. 他抽一種他買得起的最貴的煙。 (2) 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),有時(shí)關(guān)系代詞as與which可互換,但若位于主句之前,則只能用關(guān)系代詞as。如: I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得離工作單位很遠(yuǎn),這你是知道的。(用關(guān)系代詞as或which均可) As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一周,這是每個(gè)人都清楚的。(用于主句前,只能用關(guān)系代詞as) 另外,關(guān)系代詞as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)與主句在意義上和諧一致,而關(guān)系代詞which無(wú)此限制。如: He went abroad, as [which] was expected. 他出國(guó)了,這是大家預(yù)料到的。(用關(guān)系代詞as或which均可) He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出國(guó)了,這讓大家感到很意外。(只能用關(guān)系代詞 which,不能用關(guān)系代詞as)
(未完,待續(xù))
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