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divide和separate的糾葛
■山東 劉永科
目前，國(guó)內(nèi)出版的一些英語(yǔ)辨析詞典和教輔書(shū)上，都對(duì)divide和separate這兩個(gè)詞作了明確的辨析。說(shuō)它們?cè)谠~義和用法上有很大差別：divide是“把…分成幾部分”；而separate是“把……分隔開(kāi)來(lái)”。而且divide只能跟into連用，構(gòu)成句式divide…into；separate只能跟from連用，構(gòu)成句式separate…from。
有一次，去一所學(xué)校聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)示范課，有位老師也講了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，例句恰巧是人教版高中英語(yǔ)課本上的兩個(gè)句子：
這位老師也講到了divide和separate的區(qū)別，其觀點(diǎn)跟上面提到的書(shū)上說(shuō)法一致。
事實(shí)果真如此嗎？
實(shí)際上，這兩個(gè)詞是同義詞，沒(méi)有什么本質(zhì)上的差別。現(xiàn)實(shí)英語(yǔ)中根本不像詞典和教輔書(shū)上說(shuō)的那樣有很大差別。它們都可以跟from連用，意思都是“把…分隔開(kāi)來(lái)”；它們也都可以跟into連用，意思都是“把…分成幾個(gè)部分”。例如：
1. The hospital had to separate the patients from the others. = The hospital had to divide the patients from the others. 醫(yī)院不得不把病人和其他人隔離開(kāi)來(lái)。(在這里separate…from與divide…from相同)
2. The largest landmass is usually divided into two continents along the Ural Mountains . = The largest landmass is usually separated into two continents along the Ural Mountains . 最大的陸地通常沿烏拉山脈分成兩個(gè)大陸。(在這里divide…into與separate…into相同)
在現(xiàn)實(shí)語(yǔ)言中，這樣的用法可以說(shuō)比比皆是，信手沾來(lái)。例如：
1. divide…from…代替separate…from的例句
The sick has to be divided from others. 必須把這個(gè)病人和其他人隔離開(kāi)。
Mr. Green's courtyard is divided from mine by a high wall.一堵高墻把格林先生的庭院和我的庭院分開(kāi)了。
His study is divided from the living-room by a thin wooden partition.他的書(shū)房是用薄板從起居室分隔而成的。
Column titles are divided from the rest of the worksheet by a horizontal line.通過(guò)一條水平線將標(biāo)題與其余部分分開(kāi)。
I am divided from mankind, and know nothing about the colorful world.我現(xiàn)在與世隔絕，對(duì)五彩繽紛的世界一無(wú)所知。
Individual benefit can not be divided from the collective.個(gè)人的利益是與集體的利益分不開(kāi)的。
With the adjustment of structure and the reallocation of educational sources, professional education is divided from general education. 隨著教育結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和教育資源的重新配置，職教已從普教中分離出來(lái)了。
2. separate…into代替 divide…into的例句
The land was separated into small fields. 那塊地被分割為小塊的田地。
The party was separated into three cars. 一行人分乘三部車(chē)子。
We were separated into several different search parties. 我們分成幾個(gè)搜索小組。
The children were separated into groups for thegame. 那些兒童分成小組做游戲。
The code is separated into discrete source files.這些代碼被分隔成離散的源文件。
The house has been separated into different flats.這所房子已被分成幾套不同的公寓房間。
The test was separated into three divisions. 試題分為三個(gè)部分。
The wine cabinet is separated into 6 zones. 酒柜被分成6個(gè)小區(qū)域。
The personnel are separated into part-timer and full-time staff. 全體職工分為非全日工制和全日制工作人員。
Tea leaves are separated into classes according to size and so marketed. 茶葉按葉子的大小劃分為若干等級(jí)，并照此銷(xiāo)售。(www.hz123456.com)
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