強(qiáng)調(diào)句式強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)的五種類型

■湖南  陳仁禎

強(qiáng)調(diào)句式It is (was)…that (who)… 是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，也是各類英語(yǔ)考試的一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)。綜合起來(lái)看，這類考點(diǎn)主要涉及強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)的用法，而這類用法歸納起來(lái)主要有以下五類。

一、所強(qiáng)調(diào)的狀語(yǔ)為單個(gè)的副詞

能用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句被強(qiáng)調(diào)的副詞很多，下面略舉幾例：

It was here that he differed from an Englishman. 他和英國(guó)人的不同就在于此。

It was only then that I began to learn the unpalatable truth about John. 直到那時(shí)我才開始了解到有關(guān)約翰的一些令人難以接受的實(shí)情。

It was yesterday that my secretary sent the bill to Mr Harding. 我的秘書是在昨天把賬單送給哈丁先生的。

二、所強(qiáng)調(diào)的狀語(yǔ)為副詞性短語(yǔ)

所謂副詞性短語(yǔ)，就是指起副詞作用可用狀語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)，如last week, some time ago, three days later等。如：

It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 第一面帶有一個(gè)鐘面和一根時(shí)針的鐘是在大約600年前制造的。

It was only last February that he announced he would run for president. 去年2月他才宣布自己將參加總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選。

It was last night that John wore his best suit to the dance. 約翰是昨晚穿著他最好的衣服去參加舞會(huì)的。

三、所強(qiáng)調(diào)的狀語(yǔ)為介詞短語(yǔ)

介詞短語(yǔ)的最主要功能就是用作狀語(yǔ)，所以在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，強(qiáng)調(diào)用作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象十分普遍。如：

It was through hard work that he succeeded. 他是通過(guò)自己的勤奮工作而成功的。

It was only after his death that she learned of his affair with Betty. 一直到他死后她才知道他和貝蒂有染。

It was along the Mississippi River that Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. 正是在密西西比河沿岸，馬克·吐溫度過(guò)了他童年的大部分時(shí)間。

It was for this reason that her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. 這就是她的叔叔離開紐約，搬到一個(gè)小山村住下來(lái)的原因。

It is only on the world market that we can prove the competitiveness and quality of our goods. 只有在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上我們才能證明自身商品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和質(zhì)量。

It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game. 我們輸?shù)舯荣愂怯捎谀愕挠薮馈?/SPAN>

四、所強(qiáng)調(diào)的狀語(yǔ)為狀語(yǔ)從句

It was after he got what he had desired that he realized it was not so important. 在他得到自己所渴望的東西后，他意識(shí)到那并不是那么重要。

It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday. 我昨天是由于想買本字典而進(jìn)城的。

It was only when I read her letter that I realised what was happening. 一直到我讀了她的信以后，我才意識(shí)到發(fā)生了什么事。

五、所強(qiáng)調(diào)的狀語(yǔ)涉及not…until…句式

not…until…句式中的until可能是介詞（用于引出介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）也可能是連詞（用于引出從句作狀語(yǔ)）。這類句式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是It is (was) not until…that…（注意that后面的句子要用肯定式）。如：

It was not until the meal was over that he turned up. 一直到用餐結(jié)束以前，他都沒(méi)有現(xiàn)身。

It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness. 直到我遇到你以后，我才真正體會(huì)到幸福。

It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified. 直到1911年才發(fā)現(xiàn)了第一種維生素。

It was not until I saw him laughing that I realized what a fool I had been. 直到我看見他笑了，我才意識(shí)到我是多么笨。

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