“there be＋名詞＋動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用法歸納

1. there be+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，同時(shí)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行：

There is someone waiting for him. 有人在等他。

There was a man standing in front of me. 我前面站著一個(gè)男人。

There were some children swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳。

There were a group of young people working in the fields. 有一群青年在地里勞動(dòng)。

有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞可表示一種狀態(tài)：

There’s a piano standing against the wall. 靠墻有一架鋼琴。

There’re a lot of difficulties facing us. 我們面前有很多困難。

There is a door leading to the garden. 有一座門(mén)通往花園。

有個(gè)別現(xiàn)在分詞用于該結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)(正如它們可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)一樣)：

There are ten people coming to dinner. 有10個(gè)人來(lái)吃晚飯。

2. there be+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞。過(guò)去分詞表示一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系，同時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生：

There is nothing written on it. 上面沒(méi)寫(xiě)東西。

There were ten people killed in the accident. 事故中有10人喪生。

有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞也可表示一種狀態(tài)(可轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))：

There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back. 有些老人坐在后面。

There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house. 房子外邊停著一輛紅色汽車(chē)。

3. there be+賓語(yǔ)+不定式。不定式通常表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生：

There was nobody to look after the child. 沒(méi)有人照顧這孩子。

There was a large crowd to send him off. 有一大群人要來(lái)給他送行。

There was so much to lose that we couldn’t take any risks. 可能會(huì)有很大的損失，因此我們不能冒險(xiǎn)。

【注】當(dāng)其中的賓語(yǔ)與其后的不定式為被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，可用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，也可用被動(dòng)式：

There is much work to do [to be done]. 有許多工作要做。

有時(shí)其中的不定式為系表結(jié)構(gòu)：

There is nothing to be afraid of. 沒(méi)什么可怕的。

What was there to be afraid of. 有什么可怕的?

There’s nothing to be ashamed of. 沒(méi)有什么值得羞愧的。