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三類集合名詞的用法規(guī)律 |
作者:Weda 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2015-03-28 文章錄入:admin 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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三類集合名詞的用法規(guī)律 一、集合名詞表示整體和個(gè)體的問題 英語中有些集合名詞,既可表單數(shù)意義,也可表復(fù)數(shù)意義,其原則是:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個(gè)體成員,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。這類集合名詞比較常見的有:army(軍隊(duì)),audience(觀眾),committee(委員會(huì)),crew(全體船員,全體乘務(wù)員,全體工作人員),enemy(敵人),family(家人),government(政府),group(一組,一群),public(公眾),staff(全體職工,全體人員),team(隊(duì))等。比較: My family is very large [big]. 我家是大家庭。 My family are all very well. 我家里人都很好。 Which team is the best? 哪個(gè)隊(duì)打得最好? The football team are having a rest. 足球隊(duì)隊(duì)員們?cè)谛菹ⅰ?/SPAN> The crew is large. 工作人員眾多。 The crew of the plane are ten in all. 這架飛機(jī)的機(jī)組人員一共10人。 有時(shí)句子中帶有明顯的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)標(biāo)志,則應(yīng)分別按單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)處理。如: The public is the best judge.=The public are the best judges. 公眾是最好的判斷者。 如果句子沒有特定的上下文,有時(shí)既可當(dāng)作整體看待(即視為單數(shù)),也可當(dāng)作個(gè)體看待(即視為復(fù)數(shù))。如: The enemy was [were] forced to retreat. 敵人被迫撤退。 The school’s teaching staff is [are] excellent. 學(xué)校師資很不錯(cuò)。 The army was [were] called out to enforce the curfew. 軍隊(duì)被派去強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行宵禁。 Our discussion group is [are] meeting this week. 我們的討論小組本周開會(huì)。 The Government is [are] planning new tax increases. 政府正在制定新的增稅方案。 The audience is [are] always very excited by a wonderful goal. 一個(gè)精彩的進(jìn)球總會(huì)使觀眾們非常激動(dòng)。 The committee who were [which was] responsible for this decision would consider it over again. 對(duì)這一決定負(fù)責(zé)的委員會(huì)是會(huì)重新考慮它的。 二、用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的集合名詞 goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)等,其用法特點(diǎn)是:只有復(fù)數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時(shí)謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)),但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。如: Such clothes are very expensive. 那樣的衣服很貴。 To whom do these goods belong? 這些書是誰的? 三、永遠(yuǎn)不可數(shù)的集合名詞 英語中有些名詞是永遠(yuǎn)不可數(shù)的,這類詞在中學(xué)英語也不少,但真正常考并且容易出錯(cuò)的則不多,比較常見的:baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機(jī)器), poetry(詩(shī)), scenery(風(fēng)景), jewelry(珠寶),equipment(設(shè)備)等, 其用法特點(diǎn)為:是不可數(shù)名詞,只用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞(當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我們的衣服可以御寒。 Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托運(yùn)了嗎? 注意,machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 相應(yīng)的個(gè)體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene。如: a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩(shī) many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機(jī)器 |
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