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英語部分倒裝的五種常用句式 |
作者:HMYFBB 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數 更新時間:2015-11-18 文章錄入:admin 責任編輯:admin |
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英語部分倒裝的五種常用句式 英語句子的主語通常位于謂語動詞之前,這種語序被稱為正常語序。但有時出于修辭或某種特殊的語法結構的需要,需要將謂語動詞放在主語之前,這種語序則叫倒裝語序。按倒裝的形式,倒裝可分為類,一是部分倒裝,二是完全倒裝。前者指主語和助動詞倒置,后者指主語和謂語完全倒置。 部分倒裝即將主語與助動詞倒置,其結構與一般疑問句大致相同。英語中構成部分倒裝的主要情形有以下幾種: 1. 在正式文體中,never, hardly, seldom, little, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等含有否定意義的副詞若位于句首,則其后要用部分倒裝。如: Seldom does he read in his free hours. 他空余時間很少看書。 By no means should he be left alone. 絕不能把他單獨留下。 Hardly could the old man stand on his feet in the flaw. 老人在這陣狂風中幾乎站不住了。 Never will you achieve anything if you spend your time that way. 你若總是這樣消磨時間,就永遠不會有所成就。 Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不僅他講得更正確,也講得更不費勁了。 Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才離開這房間。 注:某些起副詞作用的介詞短語,由于含有否定詞,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒裝。如: In no case should you give up. 你絕不能放棄。 On no accounts can my name be mentioned to anyone. 我的名字是絕不能向任何人提起的。 但是,in no time(立即,馬上)位于句首時,其后無需用倒裝語序,因為該短語并不表示否定意義。如: In no time he worked out the problem. 他馬上就算出了那道題。 2. 當狀語受副詞only的修飾且置于句首時,其后通常要用部分倒裝的形式。如: Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有這樣,才能保住我們的榮譽。 Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 當他回到家里時,才知道出了什么事。 3. so / neither / nor 表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者時,用“so / neither / nor+助動詞+主語”這樣的倒裝句式(so用于前后為肯定的情況,neither / nor用于前后為否定的情況)。如: He can sing English songs and so can He didn’t see the film, and neither did She is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美,她媽媽年輕時也很美。 注:注意該結構與表示強調或同意的“so+主語+特殊動詞”結構的區別。如: “It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的確很冷。” “Father, you promised.” “Well, so I did.” “爸爸,你答應過的。”“嗯,是答應過。” 4. 當so…that… 結構中的“so+形容詞或副詞”結構位于句首時,其后用部分倒裝的形式。如: So easy was the task that they finished it in a few days. 那項工作很容易, 他們幾天就完成了。 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他講話聲音那么大,隔壁屋里的人都聽得見。 5. 當if引導的虛擬條件從句中含有had, were, should等時,如將if省略,則要將had, were, should等移到主語前,構成倒裝句。如: Had you listened to me, you wouldn't have made so many mistakes. 如果你聽了我的話,你不會犯這么多錯誤。 Should it be necessary, I could come at six. 如果確有需要,我可以六點鐘來。 Were it not for your help, I wouldn't be doing so well. 若不是你幫忙,我現在不會干得這樣好。 注:省略if后提前的had不一定是助動詞。如: Had I enough money, I would buy a new car. 如果我有足夠的錢,我就去買一輛新車。 |
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