include, included, including 的用法

1. include 的用法

表示“包括”“包括……在內(nèi)”，是及物動(dòng)詞。如：

Does the price include breakfast, or not? 這定價(jià)包括不包括早餐?

Clearly she no longer included her among her friends. 顯然她不再把她看作朋友。

后接動(dòng)詞，通常用動(dòng)名詞。如：

Your duties include checking the post and distributing it. 你的職責(zé)是檢查和發(fā)送郵件。

Your responsibilities will include making appointments on my behalf. 你的職責(zé)包括為我安排預(yù)約。

2. included 與including

比較以下句子，用現(xiàn)在分詞including，其后要接賓語(yǔ)，其實(shí)此時(shí)它可視為介詞；用過(guò)去分詞included，要放在所修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，“名詞或代詞+included”可視為獨(dú)立主格：

我們所有的人都去，包括老師在內(nèi)。

正：All of us went, including the teacher.

正：All of us went, the teacher included.

定價(jià)10美元，包括郵資。

正：Price $10, postage included.

正：Price $10, including postage.