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使用定語從句的8個易錯點 |
作者:admin 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數 更新時間:2017-03-11 文章錄入:admin 責任編輯:admin |
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使用定語從句的8個易錯點 一、混淆定語從句與并列句 有的句子結構相似,相差的可能只是一個并列連詞,同學們若忽略此并列連詞,則可能混淆定語從句與并列句。請看下面兩道試題: 1. He has two children, and both of ______ are abroad. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 2. He has two children, both of ______ are abroad. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 【分析】第1題選A,第2題選C。由于第1題中用了并列連詞and,從而使整個句子為并列句,and后應是一個獨立的簡單句,所以選A不選C;第2題沒有并列連詞and,both of whom are abroad為非限制性定語從句。另外,請比較: He has two children, both of ______ being abroad. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 【分析】此題選A,盡管句中沒有并列連詞,但由于逗號后并不是一個完整的句子(因句中的 being 為非謂語動詞)。 二、混淆定語從句與表語(從句) 一般說來,若是定語從句,其前必有先行詞;若是表語(從句),則其前必有連系動詞。但問題是,有時由于句子結構比較特殊,定語從句與其修飾的先行詞可能被“分離”,而連系動詞與其后的表語也可能被“分離”,這就需要同學們認真分析,理順句子結構(最好能還原句子),從而分清是定語從句還是表語(從句)。請看下面兩道試題: 1. Your coat is still ______ you left it.(www.hz123456.com) A. where B. there C. there where D. the place where 【分析】答案選A,where引導的是表語從句(=在……的地方),而不是定語從句。 2. Is this school ______ your father worked in ten years ago? A. where B. what C. that D. the one 【分析】答案選D,this school為句子主語,the one 為表語,your father worked in…為定語從句。不要誤認為this是句子主語,否則school前應加冠詞the。 三、混淆定語從句與狀語從句 有些試題,從表面看它是定語從句,而實際上它是狀語從句;而有些試題則可能完全相反,即從表面看它是狀語從句,而實際上是定語從句。請看下面兩道試題: 1. I went upstairs ______I heard someone crying. A. where B. when C. that D. which 【分析】答案是B而不是A,when的意思是“當……的時候”,引導的是時間狀語從句。(upstairs為副詞,不宜用作先行詞) 2. He is ______ a clever boy ______ we all like. A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as 【分析】答案選B,而不是A。such … that …(如此……以致……)用于引導結果狀語從句,其中的that不充當句子成分,而such…as…中的as為關系代詞,用以引導定語從句并在定語從句充當句子成分。上句中第二空之所以選as,是因為它用作動詞like的賓語。 四、混淆關系代詞與關系副詞 有的同學一看到先行詞是表示時間、地點、原因的名詞,就認為一定要用關系副詞,其實也不一定。在此情況下,還要看關系詞在定語從句中是用作什么成分,若是用作狀語,則用關系副詞;若不是用作狀語(如用作主語、賓語等)則不能用關系副詞,而用關系代詞。比較: This is the factory where I want to work. 這就是我想工作的工廠。(work為不及物動詞,where在定語從句中用作狀語) This is the factory that I want to visit. 這就是我想參觀的工廠。(visit為及物動詞,that用作visit的賓語) The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill. 他沒來的是因為他病了。(come為不及物動詞,why在定語從句中用作狀語) The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth為及物動詞,that在定語從句中用作其賓語) 五、因逗號誤判which 有的同學一看見逗號,就以為一定要選which而不選that,但問題是有時根本就不是定語從句。如: 1. If a book is in English, ______ means slow progress for you. A. as B. which C. what D. that 2. When I say two hours, ______ includes time for eating. A. as B. which C. what D. that 【分析】以上兩題均應選that,而不能選which,因為它們根本不是定語從句。之所以選that,是因為句中已有if和when引導的狀語從句,逗號后為主句,that為主句主語。 六、混淆which與whose 兩者在定語從句中都可用作定語,區別是:whose 的意思相當于 one’s,而 which 的意思則相當于 that 或 this。比較: 1. This is Mary, whose father we met last week.(ask.yygrammar.com) 2. Call again at 11, by which time the meeting should be over. 【分析】第1句用whose,whose father相當于 and her father;第2句用which,by which time 相當于 and by that time。 七、弄錯定語從句中謂語動詞的數 原則上說,定語從句中謂語動詞的單復數應與所修飾先行詞的單復數保持一致,否則就會出錯。如: 誰那樣說都是在說謊。 誤:Anyone who say that is lying. 正:Anyone who says that is lying. 不算生病的,我們一共20人。 誤:There are 20 of us, not counting those who is sick. 正:There are 20 of us, not counting those who are sick. 八、受漢語影響導致定語從句用詞累贅或成分殘缺 一方面,引導定語從句的關系代詞與定語從句修飾的先行詞表示同樣的概念,因此,千萬不可在定語從句中誤加與先行詞同義的代詞;另一方面,也不能受漢語習慣的影響,省去定語從句中不該省略的必要成分。如: 他是一個人人都敬重的人。 誤:He is a man that everyone respects him. 正:He is a man that everyone respects. 剛才給我們講故事的那個人很有趣。 誤:The man told us a story just now is very interesting. 正:The man who told us a story just now is very interesting. |
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