五、結構誤配型

有的同學在寫作時，常常把一些固定詞組、習慣用語和固定句型錯誤搭配，結果寫出來的句子讓人看不懂。

1. 你愿意幫我忙嗎?

誤：Will you give me a favour?

正：Will you do me a favour?

析：“幫某人一個忙”、“給某人恩惠”應是do sb. a favour.

2. 在回家的路上，史密斯夫人的錢包被搶了。

誤：Mrs. Smith’s wallet was robbed from her on her way home.

正：Mrs. Smith’s wallet was stolen from her on her way home.

正：Mrs. Smith’s wallet was robbed of her on her way home.

析：“搶某人某物”譯為steal +某物+from+某人或場所，或rob+人或場所+of +某物。

3. 你認為工程師的演講怎么樣?

誤：How do you think of the speech made by the engineer?

正：What do you think of the speech made by the engineer?

析：本句的錯誤在于有同學對what …think of的結構概念模糊加上母語的干擾而造成的。What在這一結構中作think的賓語。what do you think of…還可以說How do you like…? How在句子中是疑問副詞，作狀語。

4. 這個問題很難懂。

誤：The question is hard to be understood.

正：The question is hard to understand.

析：在“主語+be+形容詞+不定式”的句式結構中，主語是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。又如：The man is hard to work with.其中，與不定式習慣搭配或根據表達需要的介詞不能省略。

5. 她有如此好的一位父親，以致于我們都很羨慕她。

誤：She has a so good father that we all admire her.

正：She has so good a father that we all admire her.

正：She has such a good father that we all admire her.

析：so是副詞，用來修飾形容詞或副詞，常用于so+ adj. / adv.+ that…句型中，表示“如此…以致于”。在單數可數名詞前可用so+ adj.+ a+名詞+that…句型，相當于such +a +adj. + 單數名詞+ that結構。

6. 他可不是那種先想到自己后想到別人的人。

誤：It’s not like him of thinking of himself before thinking of others.

正：It’s not like him to think of himself before thinking of others.

析：表示“某人(恰恰)就是…這個樣子”，用It’s (just) like sb. to do sth.說明贊成或不滿。若用否定式則表示懷疑。

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