四、不定式完成進(jìn)行式的用法

不定式完成進(jìn)行式主要表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：

He pretended to have been studying. 他假裝一直在學(xué)習(xí)的樣子。

He appears to have been waiting a long time. 看來(lái)他已經(jīng)等了很久了。

He seems to have been spying for both sides 他似乎一直在為兩方面搞秘密情報(bào)。

He is believed to have been waiting for a message. 據(jù)信他當(dāng)時(shí)一直在等待消息。

He looked too young to have been publishing for five years. 他看上去很年輕，不像是已經(jīng)干了5年出版的人。

I’d like to have been sitting there when she walked in. 我真希望當(dāng)她走進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候我正坐在那里。

五、不定式被動(dòng)式的用法

1. 基本用法

不定式到底用主動(dòng)形式還是被動(dòng)形式，往往取決于句子的意思，即意思上為主動(dòng)就用主動(dòng)形式，意思上為被動(dòng)就用被動(dòng)形式。如：

Not a sound was to be heard. 聽不到一點(diǎn)聲音。

I had to shout to be heard. 我必須叫喊對(duì)方才能聽得見。

There remains one matter still to be discussed. 有一個(gè)問(wèn)題尚待討論。

It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它對(duì)我們是利是害，還得看看再說(shuō)。

2. 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，表示主動(dòng)意義，不定式用主動(dòng)式；表示被動(dòng)意義，不定式用被動(dòng)式。但是，有個(gè)別時(shí)候，雖然意義上是被動(dòng)的，但不定式卻要用主動(dòng)式。如：

The house is to let. 此屋出租。

The box was too heavy to lift. 箱子太重，拿不起來(lái)。

The question is difficult to answer. 這問(wèn)題很難回答。

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