4. because 從句與 because of短語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換

Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可與because of 短語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換：

He can’t come because he is ill. / He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能來(lái)。

I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there. 因?yàn)樗�妻子在那兒，我�?duì)此事只字未提。

七、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

1. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞

主要的有although, though, even though, even if等：

Although he is poor, he’s still happy. 雖然他很窮，他仍然很快樂(lè)。

I will try it, though I may fail. 即使我可能失敗, 我也要試一下。

We’ll go even if it rains. 即使下雨我們也要去(www.hz123456.com)。

注：除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句外，還應(yīng)注意以下情況：

(1) 用when 和while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。不要認(rèn)為when和while只引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其實(shí)它們也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“盡管”或“雖然”：

She stopped when she ought to have continued. 盡管她應(yīng)該繼續(xù)下去，她卻停住了。

While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 雖然我理解你的意思，但我還是不同意。

(2) 用whether…or…引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：

I’ll do it whether you like it or not. 不管你是否喜歡，我都要做。

Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 不論我們幫助他與否, 他都將失敗。

(3) 用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：

He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。

Come whenever you like. 你愛(ài)什么時(shí)候來(lái)就什么時(shí)候來(lái)。

2. whatever, however 等-ever詞用法說(shuō)明

這些詞在用法應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

(1) 它們均可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“無(wú)論…”：

Whatever you say, I believe you. 無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么，我都相信你。

Whoever telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是誰(shuí)打電話(huà)，都說(shuō)我出去了。

Whichever day you come, I’ll be pleased to see you. 無(wú)論你哪天來(lái)，我都?xì)g迎。

Whenever you come, you are welcome. 你什么時(shí)候來(lái)，我們都?xì)g迎。

Wherever he goes, I’ll go. 不管他去哪里，我也去。

(2) 它們引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常可換成no matter…，如說(shuō)：

No matter what you say, I believe you. 無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么，我都相信你。

No matter when you come, you are welcome. 你什么時(shí)候來(lái)，我們都?xì)g迎。

No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat. 無(wú)論他吃多少, 他都不發(fā)胖。

(3) 注意however的以下種句型：

① however+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)：

However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days. 不管你怎么走，至少要三天。

However you come, be sure to come early. 不管你怎么來(lái)，一定要早來(lái)。

② however+形容詞或副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)：

However much he eats, he never gets fat. 無(wú)論他吃多少, 他都不發(fā)胖。

However cold it is, she always goes swimming. 不管天多冷，她都會(huì)去游泳。

有時(shí)該結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)可以有所省略：

He was of some help, however small. 他總能幫些忙，不管多小的忙。

I refuse, however favorable the condition. 不管條件多好，我都不接受。

(4) 有時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)可用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：

I’ll find him, wherever he is [may be]. 無(wú)論他在哪里，我都要找到他。

Keep calm, whatever happens [may happen]. 無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事都要保持冷靜。

(5) whenever有時(shí)可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，wherever 有時(shí)可引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：

Whenever we see him we speak to him. 每次見(jiàn)到他，我們都和他說(shuō)話(huà)。

They teach wherever their pupils are working. 學(xué)生在哪里工作，教師們就在哪里上課。

注：其中的whatever, whoever, whichever除引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，參見(jiàn)本講義“名詞性從句”一章。

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