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《that用法新探》(中) |
作者:李 翔 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數 更新時間:2013-04-22 文章錄入:李翔 責任編輯:admin |
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c. It was the Minister of Education that my mother threw an egg at the other day. (加強the Minister of Education) (我媽媽幾天前扔個雞蛋是給教育部長的。不是別人) (筆者注: 本句也只能是分裂句,理由同上) d. It was an egg that my mother threw at the Minister of Education the other day. (加強an egg) (幾天前我媽媽向教育部長所扔的東西是個雞蛋。不是別的東西) ② It is speed that causes accident, not bad roads. ③Was it Sunny or her mother who phoned? ④ It could have been he who helped Sunny get her work done. ⑤A: Who is coming to dinner tonight? B: It is Sunny and her mother (who are coming to dinner tonight.) 如果是回答疑問句“who?”或“whom?”,答句中的定語從句都是省略的,以避免重復。如上句里省略的who are coming to dinner tonight。 4. 趙振才教授在《英語常見問題解答大詞典》(增訂版)(世界圖書西安出版公司2005年3月第1版)p285-286指出: cleft sentence4 (強調句與定語從句的區別) 【問】(A) It is a question that needs careful consideration. (B) It is novels that Miss enjoys reading. 上面兩個句子是否屬于同一句型?如果不屬于同一句型,如何區分它們? 【答】句(A)是個含定語從句的句子。在這里it是指示代詞;it is (was) a question是個主語-系詞-表語結構。如果去掉it is (was)… that,句子結構就不完整了。而句(B)是個強調句。在這里it是個引詞,沒有具體含義。如果去掉it is(was)… that,則語序稍加調整,句子結構仍是完整的。此外,帶定語從句的句子與強調句還有以下區別: A. 在定語從句中一般使用that、零關系代詞、wh-形式 (who, whom, whose, when, where等),而在強調句中則主要使用that,who或零關系代詞,而較少使用wh-形式 (尤其是whom, when, where)。 B. 在定語從句中,先行詞 (中心詞)一般是名詞或名詞短語;而在強調語句中,可以用副詞、介詞短語或從句來作先行詞: It was yesterday that he met your father. It was not until two decades ago that transistors began to replace electron tubes on a large scale. It was because he was ill (that) we decided to return. C.在定語從句中充當主語的關系代詞that, who, which是不可以省略的;而在強調句中卻是可以省略的。當然這種省略常常是非正式語體用法: It was the President himself spoke to me. 5.單亦禎在其主編的《通用英語語法教程》p243-246指出:分裂句與一般含定語從句復合句不同,主要在于:分裂句中所含定語從句的先行詞是放在句首It,而一般含定語從句的復合句的先行詞都是緊挨或接近從句。因而分裂句中靠這從句的地方就不是從句直接限制的詞語,而是所強調的原句名詞性成分或狀語,也可以是一個專有名詞;而在一般含定語從句的復合句,由于專有名詞指獨有事物無須限定,專有名詞就不會作為限制性定語從句的先行詞出現在緊靠或靠近該從句的地方。
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