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as well as后接動詞的何種形式 |
作者:倪肖丁 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數 更新時間:2016-08-21 文章錄入:admin 責任編輯:admin |
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4. 關于as well as后接限定(即謂語)動詞的問題 as well as 能否接謂語動詞的問題一直以來就有兩種觀點。一種觀點主張將as well as用作并列連詞連接兩個對等的結構,包括兩個謂語動詞,因為這符合并列連詞的“邏輯性”。另一種觀點反映了英語的使用實際,根據人們的習慣以及音的和諧而在as well as后使用-ing分詞,實際上已將as well as用作介詞。 在主張將as well as用做純粹的并列連詞而堅持要求as well as連接兩個相同形式的學者中,H. W. Fowler是個代表人物。他的A Dictionary of Modern English Usage第一版發行于1926年。當時,在as well as后接非謂語動詞-ing形式已經成為發展趨勢。但Fowler對于人們把as well as當besides用并在后面接-ing形式感到痛心疾首,要求把The Territorial officer has to put his hand in his pocket as well as giving his time中的giving改為give,把His death leaves a gap as well as creating a by-election in Ross and Cromarty中的creating 改為creates。 但實際上人們對Fowler的這種規定性言論并不以為然,繼續根據習慣說話而非拘泥于“邏輯”,以致該書在發行修訂后的第三版時,作者R.W. Burchfield 在介紹Fowler原先觀點的同時,也不得不承認說In most circumstances as well as may be idiomatically accompanied by a gerund,并且給出了The protagonists are mercilessly guyed by the author, as well as being clobbered by the 'system等例證。 現代英語中,as well as后已經基本排除使用謂語形式。比如Longman Dictionary of Common Errors (Addison Wesley Longman Limited 1996)明確指出as well as須接v-ing形式。故下面的第一句是錯的,第二句是對的: Each week he wrote her three letters, as well as telephoned her. (×) Each week he wrote her three letters, as well as telephoning her. (√) .Collins Cobuild English Usage指出:當as well as連接clause時,第二個clause中必須用非限定的-ing形式。例如: She negotiates the licences as well as ordering the equipment. 但是,有時候as well as后接限定動詞的現象的確出現。《英語用法問題解答》(聶政雄等編譯,福建人民出版社,1983)一書介紹的一種情況是:如果as well as將兩個簡單動詞形式連在一起,它和第二個動詞實際上又起著插入語的作用,那么兩個動詞都應該是限定動詞。比如: He works, as well as sleeps, in the room.. He makes, as well as sells, shoes. 對此,英國語法學家Quirk在Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language一書中持有類似的觀點(13.103)。他認為as well as是個準并列連詞,在下列句中as well as的作用與并列連詞一樣: He publishes as well as prints his own books.(CGOEL) 在Quirk的句子中,as well as prints雖然沒用逗號隔開,但顯然如同插入語,publishes和prints有著共同的賓語his own books。否則,as well as的作用與介詞相同,后面仍要接-ing分詞。例如: He publishes the books, as well as printing them.(CGOEL) 另一種情況是:當句中的謂語是現在時的復數形式時,as well as后也可以用現在時的復數形式。例如: His drawings revivify the text, as well as embellish the books. 為什么as well as后不用其它限定動詞形式,而可以用現在時的復數形式呢?這是因為它與無to動詞不定式形式相同,而后者(正如前文所述)用于as well as后的現象很常見,也不會給語音的和諧造成困難。 至此,我們對as well as后使用動詞的何種形式已經基本清楚。現在回過頭來分析本文開頭部分提到的《英語常見問題解答大辭典》,《初高中英語考點難點詳解詞典》和《新課標中學英語慣用法詞典》三本書中的三個句子: 句1:Thomas was a real friend, for he advised me as well as helping me with my Arabic. 此句中as well as后的helping應該改為helped, 因為as well as helped me雖然沒有用逗號隔開,實際上起著插入語的作用,advised 和helped又都是簡單動詞形式,故as well as后接謂語動詞。 句2:Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed buildings. 此句中的as well as如被用作介詞,climbed應改為climbing;如果as well as被用作連詞,則climbed應改為climb,它既可以是無to的動詞不定式,也可被視作一般現在時的復數形式,因為句中的do也是現在時的復數形式。 句3:He advised me as well as answering my questions. 此句是正確的,其中的as well as為介詞。為了與一般過去時advised保持所謂的“一致”而將answering改為answered不符合現代英語習慣用法。 綜上所述,as well as后可接限定或非限定的多種動詞形式,這取決于上下文語言環境,必須具體情況具體分析。但有一點值得注意,那就是as well as用作介詞后接ing分詞符合人們的使用習慣,因此也正在成為一種發展趨勢;而至今仍將as well as限于用作連詞并隨意用它來連接謂語動詞的態度是守舊的也是不科學的。 |
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