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重點(diǎn)中學(xué)英語語法講義-狀語從句 |
作者:HMYY 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2012-05-31 文章錄入:admin 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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重點(diǎn)中學(xué)英語語法講義-狀語從句 一、概說 狀語從句即指在主從復(fù)合句用作狀語的從句。按照其意義,狀語從句可分為時(shí)時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句等。狀語從句是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)語法重點(diǎn),也是歷年高考重點(diǎn)考查的內(nèi)容之一。學(xué)習(xí)狀語從句主要應(yīng)注意引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法與區(qū)別,以及從屬連詞在一定的語言環(huán)境中的意義與用法。 二、時(shí)間狀語從句 1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞很多,如較基本的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等: Things were different when I was a child. 我小時(shí)候情況與現(xiàn)在不同。 We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們要趁熱打鐵。 It’s a long time since I met you last. 從上次見到你,已有很長時(shí)間了。 He waited until she was about to leave. 他等著一直到她準(zhǔn)備離開。 除以上基本的引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞外,還有些本來不是從屬連詞卻可用作從屬連詞的詞: (1) 表示“一…就”的從屬連詞:the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如: Immediately he came I told him the news. 他一來我就把消息告訴了他。 The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope. 我一看到他就知道沒希望了。 We had no sooner set out than it began to rain. 我們剛出發(fā)就下雨了。 Once he arrives, we can start. 他一來我們就可以開始。 (2) 涉及time的幾個(gè)從屬連詞:every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(隨時(shí)),the last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。如: Every time I see her I’ll think of it. 每次我看到她,我就想起這事。 He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他講話,他都感到緊張。 He didn’t tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次見到他時(shí)他沒告訴我。 2. 時(shí)間狀語從句與及其主句的時(shí)態(tài) 關(guān)于這個(gè)問題有兩點(diǎn)值得注意: (1) 當(dāng)主句為將來時(shí)態(tài)或具有將來意義時(shí),時(shí)間狀語從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義,而不能直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài): Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前關(guān)燈。 I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一來我就告訴他。 (2) 與since 從句搭配的主句的時(shí)態(tài)通常是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài): He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以來,他就一直住在這兒。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次見到你之后你到哪里去了? 注:在特定的語言環(huán)境中有時(shí)也可能用過去完成時(shí)或一現(xiàn)在時(shí): It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎幾年未見面了。 Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來他一直未吃任何東西。 三、條件狀語從句 1. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞 主要的有if, unless, as [so] long as等: You can leave now if you like. 如果你愿意現(xiàn)在就可以走了。 As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨,我們就可以去。 注:除以上基本的引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞外,還有的動(dòng)詞尤其是其分詞形式(如suppose, supposing, provided, providing等)和介詞短語(如in case, on condition that等)也可用作連詞表示條件: If case I forget, please remind me about it. 萬一我忘記,請?zhí)嵝盐乙幌隆?/SPAN> I will come on condition (that) she is invited too. 如果邀請她來, 那我就來。 He may go with us provided [providing] he arrives in time. 他若及時(shí)到,就可以和我們一起走。 Suppose 和supposing 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí),通常用于主句為疑問句的場合: Suppose the boss saw you,what would he say? 如果老板看到你,他會(huì)怎樣說? Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him? 他若不來,是不是不帶他去? 2. 條件狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài) 當(dāng)主句為將來時(shí)態(tài)或具有將來意時(shí),條件狀語從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義,而不能直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài): In case he comes, let me know. 如果他來,告訴我一聲。 I’ll stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 要是明天下雨,我就呆在家里。 注:有時(shí)也可見到 if you will 這樣的說法,但那不是將來時(shí)態(tài),而是表示意愿或委婉的請求(此處的 will是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞): If you will wait for a moment, I’ll go and tell the manager that you are here. 請等一下,我去告訴經(jīng)理說你來了。 |
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